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Accelerated aging of automotive catalysts has become a routine process for the development of new catalytic formulations and for homologation of vehicle emissions. In the standard approach, catalyst samples are subjected to temperatures in excess of 800°C on a predefined test cycle and aged for precise timescales representative of certain vehicle mileage. The high temperature feed gas is traditionally provided by a large gasoline engine but, increasingly, alternative bench-aging techniques are being applied as these offer more precise control and considerable cost savings, as well as offering more development possibilities. In the past few years, emissions control of light duty vehicles has become increasingly prominent as more stringent emissions legislations require more complex after-treatment systems. Aging of the catalysts are not fully understood as they are subjected to many varying environments, including temperature and gas concentrations.

Catalyst aging is presently one of the most important aspects in aftertreatment development, with legislation stating that these systems must be able to meet the relevant emissions legislation up to a specified mileage on the vehicle, typically 150,000 miles. The current industry approach for controlling aging cycles is based solely on the detailed specification of lambda (air-fuel mixture concentration ratio), flow rate and temperature without any limitations on gas mixture. This is purely based upon the experience of engine-based aging and does not take into account any variation due to different engine operation. Although accurate for comparative testing on the same engine/engine type, inconsistencies can be observed across different aging methods, engine types and engine operators largely driven by the capability of the technology used.

An increase in global oil consumption, coupled with a peak in oil production, has seen the price of fuel escalate in recent years, and consequently the transport sector must take measures to reduce fuel consumption in vehicles. Similarly, ever-tightening emissions legislation is forcing automotive manufacturers to invest in technology to reduce toxic emissions. In response to these concerns, this project aims to address one of the fundamental issues with the Internal Combustion Engine - approximately one third of the fuel energy supplied to the engine is lost as heat through the exhaust system. The specific aim of this project is to reduce the fuel consumption of a diesel-electric hybrid bus by recovering some of this waste heat and converting it to useful power. This report details how turbocompounding can be applied to the engine, via the inclusion of a turbogenerator, and assesses its waste heat recovery performance.

In any internal combustion engine, the amount of heat rejected from the engine, and associated systems, is a result of the engine inefficiency. Successfully recovering a small proportion of this energy would therefore substantially improve the fuel economy. The Rankine Cycle system has been raising interest for its aptitude to produce systems capable of capturing part of this waste heat and regenerate it as electrical or mechanical power. By integrating these systems into existing hybrid engine environments, it has been proved that Rankine Cycle system, which is more than 150 years old, can play a major role in reducing fuel consumption. The use of such a system for waste heat recovery on a hybrid engine represents a promising compromise in transforming the thermal energy into electricity and feeding this electricity back to the vehicle drivetrain by using the in situ electrical motor system or storing it into batteries.