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In these days, not only low exhaust emission but also carbon dioxide reduction is required to achieve carbon neutrality toward resolution of climate change. Though examination of electrification and decarbonized fuel is progressing, industrial machines have issues for high load factor and infrastructure development. Therefore, trends of off-road powertrain are expected to be diversified depending on usage environment or applications. As a result, in terms of diesel engines below 19 kW, it should be the best way for satisfying the social needs to develop new diesel engines which have high environmental performance by optimizing engine combustion. In the case of diesel engines below 19 kW, it is difficult for the engines to adopt the direct injection (DI) combustion system and the common rail system (CRS). The fuel spray of these small displacement engines by DI or CRS easily attaches the wall surface of combustion chamber due to the small bores and causes increasing fuel consumption.

All of non-road diesel engines over 19 kW in North America are required to reduce further Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) to meet US EPA emissions regulation. Especially, it is necessary to reduce PM emission up to one-tenth as conventional. In addition to improve combustion in engine, it is needed to add exhaust gas after-treatment device to reduce PM emission. It is necessary for diesel engine with exhaust gas after-treatment device, to have Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration system, which burns periodically PM in DPF. Generally, DPF regeneration is implemented by using post injection with common rail system. However, post injection is not available in small diesel engine which has mechanical injection system and IDI combustion system instead of common rail system. As an alternative way, an original fuel reformer technique is introduced for DPF regeneration.