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Aim of the ongoing development of passenger cars is to predict the interior acoustics early in the development process. A significant noise component results from the flow phenomena in the area of the side window. Wind noise is a physical problem that involves the three complicated aspects each governed by different physics: The complex turbulent flow field in the wake of the a-pillar and the side mirror is characterized by velocity and pressure fluctuations. The flow field generates sound which is transmitted into the passenger cabin. In addition to that, it excites the structure, resulting in a radiation of structure-borne noise into the interior of the car. Therefore, the sound generation is governed by fluid dynamics of the air flow. The sound transmission through the structure due to vibrations is determined by structural mechanics of the body structure. The sound propagation inside the cabin is influenced by interior room acoustics.

This paper focuses on the applicability of numerical prediction of sound radiation caused by an axial vehicle cooling fan. To investigate the applicability of numerical methods, a hybrid approach is chosen where first a CFD simulation is performed and the sound radiation is calculated in a second step. For the acoustic simulation an integral method described by Ffowcs-Williams-Hawkings is used to predict the sound propagation in the far-field. The simulation results are validated with experiments. The corresponding setup in experiments and simulation represents an overall system which includes the cooler, the cooling fan and a combustion engine dummy. To optimize the economical applicability in terms of simulation setup and run time, different approaches are investigated. This includes the simulation of only one blade using a periodic boundary condition as compared to the whole fan geometry. In the CFD simulation an SAS-turbulence-model is applied.

A low pressure axial fan for benchmarking numerical methods in the field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics is presented. The generic fan for this benchmark is a typical fan to be used in commercial applications. The design procedure was according to the blade element theory for low solidity fans. A wide range of experimental data is available, including aerodynamic performance of the fan (fan characteristic curve), fluid mechanical quantities on the pressure and suction side from laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measurements, wall pressure fluctuations in the gap region and sound characteristics on the suction side from sound power and microphone array measurements. The experimental setups are described in detail, as to ease reproducibility of measurement positions. This offers the opportunity of validating aerodynamic and aeroacoustic quantities, obtained from different numerical tools and procedures.

A low pressure axial fan for benchmarking numerical methods in the field of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics is presented. The generic fan for this benchmark is a typical fan to be used in commercial applications. The design procedure was according to the blade element theory for low solidity fans. A wide range of experimental data is available, including aerodynamic performance of the fan (fan characteristic curve), fluid mechanical quantities on the pressure and suction side from laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measurements, wall pressure fluctuations in the gap region and sound characteristics on the suction side from sound power and microphone array measurements. The experimental setups are described in detail, as to ease reproducibility of measurement positions. This offers the opportunity of validating aerodynamic and aeroacoustic quantities, obtained from different numerical tools and procedures.

Centrifugal fans are applied in many industrial and civil applications, such as manufacturing processes and building HVAC systems. They can also be found in automotive applications. Noise-reduction mea- sures for centrifugal fans are often challenging to establish, as acous- tic performance may be considered a tertiary purchase criterion after energetic efficiency and price. Nonetheless, their versatile application raises the demand for noise control. In a low-Mach-number centrifugal fan, acoustic waves are predominantly excited by aerodynamic fluctu- ations in the flow field and transmit to the exterior via the housing and duct walls. The scientific literature documents numerous mech- anisms that cause flow-induced sound generation, even though only some are considered well-understood. Numerical simulation methods are widely used to gather spatially high-resolved insights into physical fields.