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Friction stir processing (FSP) is a method of changing the properties of metal through intense, localized plastic deformation. This deformation is produced by forcibly inserting a non-consumable tool into a workpiece, and revolving the tool in a stirring motion as it is pushed laterally through the workpiece. It comprises of a rotating tool with pin and shoulder which are inserted into a single piece of material and traversed along the desired path to cover the region of interest. Friction between the shoulder and work piece results in localized heating which raises the temperature of the material to the range where it is plastically deformed. During this process, severe plastic deformation occurs and due to thermal exposure of material, it results in a significant evolution in the local microstructure. Carbon nanotubes were dispersed into Al matrix by multipass FSP to fabricate Al6082 T0/Fe-MWCNT.

AETs are imperative to mitigate the twin crisis of environmental degradation and simultaneous fossil fuel depletion, there are wide concerns about GHG emissions which have paved ways for the development and deployment of energy technologies that do not use fossil fuels. These technologies would provide tangible benefits in terms of fossil-fuel costs, which are likely to increase as restrictions on GHG emissions are imposed. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome prior to market positioning, and the commercialization of alternative energy technologies which require a staged approach given price and technical risk. An unconventional new alternative technology is one possibility, where one could undertake cost-reducing production enhancement measures as an intermediate step prior to deployment.