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As presented in the previous study [1], a 2.4L ULPC(Ultra Low PM Combustion) diesel engine was achieved through optimal matching with piston bowl geometry and nozzle spray angle that significantly reduce the amount of engine out soot generated in the combustion. This engine complies with US Tier 4 Final regulation without DPF (only DOC) which was developed for off-road applications such as skid-loader, forklift and construction equipment. Improvement in fuel consumption of diesel engine for off-road applications and construction equipment which are operating continuously for a long time at high load conditions will be very important for reducing the operating costs. This paper explains a detailed review of improvement BSFC of 2.4L ULPC diesel engine by optimizing the combustion system with swirl ratio, nozzle flow rate and piston bowl geometry while maintaining non-DPF solution.

A 2.4L commercial diesel engine was developed for light-duty commercial and off-road applications such as skid-loader, forklift and construction equipments. This engine complies with US Tier 4-final regulation, without PM after-treatment device by virtue of improved combustion strategy which is named as ULPC (Ultra-Low Particulate Combustion). This paper explains how ULPC works to reduce particulate matter (PM) based on the optimization of combustion system - piston bowl and nozzle specification. A baseline, re-entrant shape piston bowl, is useful to improve mixing of fuel and air in the main combustion chamber due to squish jet flow, especially in high-speed diesel engines. However, operating speed of commercial engines is almost half slower than that of passenger car engines and the merits by squish flow become deteriorated.