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The growing interest on environmental issues related to vehicles is pushing up the research on reciprocating internal combustion engines which seems to be endless and able to insure to combustion engines a long future. Euro standards imposed a significant reduction of pollutant emissions and were the stimulus to favor the conception of technologies which represented real breakthroughs; the recent directives on greenhouse gases emissions further reinforced the concept of reducing fuel consumption and, consequently, carbon dioxide emissions. So, new technological efforts have to be made on internal combustion engines in order to achieve this additional target: several technological options are already available or under studying, but only a few of these are suitable, in particular, in terms of costs attendance per unit of CO2 saved. Among these technologies, a revision of engine cooling system seems to have good potentiality.