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In the present experimental investigations the influence of injector opening pressures and injection timings on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine has been investigated. The test were conducted with four different fuels, namely diesel and Tung biodiesel blends (TB10, TB15, TB20 and TB50) at three different injector opening pressures (150 bar, 200 bar and 250 bar) respectively. Fuel injection opening pressures were varied by changing the spring tension of the needle valve of injector nozzle. The three different injection timings (Standard timing at 23° BTDC, Retarded Timing of 21° BTDC and Advanced Timing of 25° BTDC) were used. The injection timings were varied by changing the thickness of the shim. The entire tests were conducted at the constant engine speed of 1500 rpm under various load conditions.

The increasing demands of energy in various sectors and environmental concerns have stimulated the scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops and oil bearing biomass materials. In the present study, non-edible vegetable oils such as Tung (Aleurites fordii), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) methyl esters were produced and blended with diesel fuel in different proportions. An experimental investigation was carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with blends of biodiesel and diesel fuel. Engine performance and emission analysis were performed using biodiesel blends (10%,15%,20% and 50% of Tung, Jatropha and Karanja) in 4.4 kW single cylinder air cooled four stroke compression ignition engine at different loads.