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Road traffic accidents are major cause of fatalities and losing property. In many big cities, many common fatal accidents are involved buses and pedestrians. In order to increase safety for pedestrians, it is necessary to understand pedestrian-vehicle collisions and injury mechanisms. Injury characteristics and mechanisms depend on post-crash kinematics. It is obvious that post-crash kinematics resulting from passenger car-pedestrian crash is much different from bus-pedestrian crash. Bus-pedestrian collision study can be done through costly full scale crash tests. An alternative approach to these actual tests is finite element simulations which have been widely employed for vehicle components design and optimisation. This paper has addressed the development of bus-to-pedestrian collision finite element model. The model has been used to study influences of impact speed and impact angle on post-crash kinematics and injury mechanisms of a pedestrian.

Car-to-pedestrian collisions often cause serious injuries and deaths dramatically as pedestrians do not have any protection equipment. In order to design the front structure to be safer for pedestrians, it is necessary to understand kinematics and injury mechanisms of car-pedestrian collisions which can be obtained through the costly full-scale crash test of a dummy or a cadaver. Finite element simulations are an alternative mean which offer information of post-crash kinematics and injury mechanisms. This paper has presented finite element simulations of pedestrian-city car collisions by simulating legform impact test for assessment and validation. It has also been employed to simulate the full-scale pedestrian crash test. The post-crash kinematics and injury mechanisms of the pedestrian have been analysed. With the kinematics and injury information, the bumper beam of the front end of the car has been simply modified by introducing Al 6082 T6 to the bumper beam.