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In meeting the stringent emission norms with internal engine measures, the design of the piston bowl and the nozzle configuration perform a defining role. This paper elaborates the experimental work conducted for combustion optimization with combinations of piston bowl, intake port swirl and injector specifications in 2.34 l off road diesel engine. Through simulations the best option had been carried out parametrically, investigate the influence of piston bowl geometry and nozzle characteristics on the performance of the combustion system. Then experimental tests were carried out, the influence of the nozzle cone angle, hydraulic flow rate, number of holes and their combination were determined using systematic parameter variations with selected piston bowl designs. The performance of the various hardware configurations were evaluated based on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption values.

The performance of internal combustion engines should be improved depending on some technological requirements and rapid increase in the fuel expenses. On the other hand, the improvements in engine materials are forced by using alternative fuels and environmental requirements. Therefore, the performances of engine materials become increasingly important. Experimental research of insulated diesel engine incorporating thermal barrier coating (TBC) has produced controversial result. Some publications report that engine efficiency increases with insulation, while others argue that efficiency decreases. There are reports also presenting a mixed picture. This Paper presents comparative analysis of heat release in base line and insulated (Piston crown with plasma sprayed zirconia coating) diesel engine. The coating system affects the fuel consumption, the power and the combustion efficiency, pollution contents and the fatigue lifetime of engine components.

This paper is about downsizing for off road vehicle diesel engines. While fuel efficiency has to be improved, future Diesel engine emission standards will further restrict vehicle emissions, particularly of nitrogen oxides. Increased in-cylinder filling is recognized as a key factor in addressing this issue, which calls for advanced design of air and exhaust gas recirculation circuits and high cooling capabilities. Two stage turbocharging applied to off road diesel engines is a promising solution for enhancing rated power, low end torque, transient performance, better low-speed torque, longer turbo life and optimized fuel efficiency. In the new engine design, two turbochargers are arranged in series to generate increased air pressure, airflow and a superior turbocharging effect. At high altitudes, 2-stage turbocharging technology guarantees the engine's operational performance by compensating for the reduced air density.