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Technical Paper

A Hybrid Vehicle Powered by Hydrogen and Ammonia

2012-10-23
2012-32-0085
A partnership of Research and Industry entities has developed a fully working hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a 15 kW IC engine fuelled with liquid ammonia as range extender of the lithium batteries pack on board. All the vehicle powertrain, i.e., the IC engine, the electric generator coupled with the engine, the electric motor, the electronics, etc., has been studied and designed. Regarding the IC engine, as known, ammonia combustion is characterized by a high activation energy and a low flame velocity, therefore a small amount of hydrogen is requested as igniter and combustion promoter. The necessary amount of hydrogen is coming from the thermal decomposition of the same ammonia by cracking it at approximately 400°C inside a special catalyst (purposely realized within the project) heated by the engine exhaust gasses. The Nitrogen and Hydrogen mixture coming from the cracker is introduced, by an indirect injection, into the intake manifold together with the ammonia.
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