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Electronic Fuel Injection Systems have revolutionised Fuel Delivery and Ignition timing in the past two decades and have reduced the Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions, ultimately enhancing the Economy and Ecological awareness of the engines. But the ignition/injection timing that commands the combustion is mapped to a fixed predefined table which is best suited during the stock test conditions. However continuous real time adjustments by monitoring the combustion characteristics prove to be highly efficient and be immune to varying fuel quality, lack of transient performance and wear related compression losses. For developing countries, Automotive Manufacturers have been Tuning the Ignition/Injection timing Map assuming the worst possible fuel quality. Conventional knock control system focus on engine protection only and doesn't contribute much in improving thermal efficiency.

The ever increasing diesel consumption, rapid depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concern has prompted an intensive research of alternate fuels. Biodiesel proves to be a very promising alternative to diesel fuel. In this work ethyl ester of fish oil was prepared from waste parts of fish through transesterification process. Various properties such as viscosity, density, calorific value and flash point of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends of different proportions were investigated. The properties of biodiesel were found to be similar to that of diesel. Engine performance and emission characteristics were examined in a single-cylinder, constant speed, and direct injection engine under variable load conditions. The test results showed no significant change in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions such as CO, HC, NOX and smoke with the marginal increase of CO₂.