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Our study focuses on not only how the physical properties of pad matrix strength and porosity depend on the titanates' crystal structure and shape, but also on the chemical properties of the titanates themselves. As a result, it has been found that the reaction that occurs on the friction surface containing titanate and phenolic resin has an influence on the tribological performance of brakes. Our conclusion remains that titanates affect the thermal-reaction of phenolic resins [4] [5]. This study analyzes just what materials are generated by the thermal reaction of the phenolic resin in detail by studying samples with or without Titanate. The results show that the phenomenon of the generation of the char, which has its roots in the decomposition of the phenolic resins, is different between the samples with titanate, and without titanate. Along with pyrolysis products such as phenol monomer and dimer, char is commonly generated during the decomposition of phenolic resins.

Our previous study focused on not only how the physical properties of pad matrix strength and porosity depend on the titanates' crystal structure and shape, but also on the chemical properties of the titanates themselves. As a result, it was found that the reaction that occurs on the friction surface of the titanate and the phenolic resin has an influence on the tribological performance of brakes. Our conclusion was that titanates affect the thermal reaction of phenolic resins. Our newest study uses 1/7-scale dynamometer testing to further investigate the relationship between titanate compounds and phenolic resins. The results make clear that when titanate is added, μ is more stable than when not added. The results of chemical experiments showed that the products of pyrolysis are different when titanate is added or not added. Our conclusion is the property of the products of pyrolysis affects the stability of μ.

Titanate compounds are well-known for being widely used in Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) brake pad formulations. These NAO formulations provide excellent performance in friction stability and a low amount of wear for disc brake pads. In our previous reports, we observed that brake performance in dynamo testing is influenced by a titanate's chemical composition, crystalline structure, and powder properties. We also introduced the thrust test machine as an easy method to evaluate friction materials [1], [2]. In our later research, Otsuka synthesized a new non-fibrous titanate that performs nearly at the same level as fibrous titanates. This new non-fibrous compound contains many pores which form as a result of aggregates of submicron-sized particles; this thereby provides strong fade-proof performance [3].