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Diesel cars are sometimes refueled with gasoline by mistake. Already small amounts of gasoline are harmful for diesel fuel's lubricity, cetane number, viscosity and flash point, and may cause vapor bubbles. Cases are laborious to fix. Repair costs may be thousands of euros if fuel injection system break down has taken place. Misfueling of diesel fuel into gasoline is not common in cars but may take place in non-road engines refueled from canisters. This will cause engine oil dilution, reduced octane number and running problems. Adding of SCR-urea into fuels causes serious problems. Coolant and windshield washing concentrate may be added thinking that they help to dissolve water into fuel; only additives indented for fuels shall be used. Practice has shown that even automotive professionals may not know which misfuelings are serious and which are harmless. Some misleading advice has also been distributed by the media.

In this study, vehicle exhaust emissions and performance were studied using various renewable components with the aim of achieving a high bio-share in gasoline and compatibility with conventional cars. Several biogasoline components were included in the fuel matrix: ethanol, ETBE, isobutanol, n-butanol and renewable hydrocarbon gasoline produced from hydrotreated oils and fats. The share of bioenergy in the test fuel blends varied from 7 to 28 Eeqv%, and the oxygen content from 0 to 11 m/m%. Fossil gasoline was used as the reference fuel for emissions performance, and E85 fuel as an example of a typical market fuel for FFV cars. Experimental work was carried out at −7 °C with two conventional gasoline cars and one FFV car. The measurements included regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions.