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Evaluating options for reducing the environmental impact of light duty vehicles is complicated by the number of technologies being actively researched. In this work, various alternative transportation fuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, and electricity as well as advanced materials and drive-train concepts are analyzed for their environmental benefits compared to conventional diesel and gasoline vehicles. To objectively evaluate the impact of technology and fuel options on various stakeholder criteria under uncertainty (e.g. fuel and technology costs), it is necessary to consider how the technology may be applied to a broad set of vehicle designs. The heuristic vehicle design method uses rules from first principles and engineering practice to ensure vehicles in the design set (virtual fleet) are composed of self-consistent technology options.