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For decades, ENISO12205 test has been used to evaluate the long term storage stability of diesel fuels. Nowadays, new biocomponents especially FAME has increased the need to create faster and more appropriate test method to measure the long term storage stability. Developments in engine technology have also raised the need to create a new method to evaluate the thermal stability of diesel fuels. These new methods should have correlation to field experience. As an example it has been shown that Rancimat (EN15751) and PetroOXY EN16091 have a correlation when fuel contains more than 2% FAME. Rancimat is not applicable for FAME free fuels, so correlation based PetroOXY limit should be limited to fuels containing more than 2 vol% FAME. Study on oxidation stability test methods and their correlation to real life were continued and deepened (part 1: SAE 2013-01-2678). ENISO12205 and PetroOXY EN16091 test methods did not have a correlation according to the earlier studies.

Oxidation stability tests have been developed for estimation of the long term storage stability of diesel fuels. Currently, several oxidation stability test methods (eg. ENISO12205, Rancimat (EN15751), PetroOXY (EN16091)) are used for this purpose. It is common for these tests to have an elevated temperature and to add oxygen or air to accelerate the oxidation of the test fuel, and hence accelerate conduction of the test. It has been under discussion whether these tests actually represent real-life conditions. Also, it has been proposed that these oxidation stability tests could be used to estimate the thermal stability of the diesel fuels. In many cases the correlation to real-life is unclear. Stability of EN590 B0 (winter and summer grade) and B7, B30, EN590 with 30% HVO, 100% HVO, WWFC category 4 diesel, Swedish class 1 as well as the effect of cetane improver was evaluated with different oxidation stability methods.

The objective of this paper is to compile the findings of more than 40 scientific publications and provide information on the technical performance of HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) in diesel engines. Fuel properties, emission performance and engine behavior of HVO is evaluated in comparison to fossil diesel. Based on the studies and large field trials it can be concluded that HVO can be used as a drop-in-fuel and that it has properties beneficial for the engine and the environment. HVO has high cetane number, low density, good lubricity when treated with lubricity additives, bulk modulus comparable to fossil diesel, material compatibility similar to fossil diesel and good cold properties regardless of the feedstock. HVO is capable of reducing regulated and unregulated emissions as well as greenhouse gasses. HVO has beneficial effects to aftertreatment systems. Oil dilution with HVO is not a concern and HVO does not cause incompatibility with lubrication oil.