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Anti-lock brake system (ABS) prevents the vehicle wheels from locking up and reduces the total stopping distance as far as possible. The current implementation is based on a traditional hydraulic disk brake and small wheel inertia. Seen the need for making vehicles cleaner in the future, it can be expected that an increasing the amount of vehicles will be equipped with electric motors able to regenerate energy during braking. The addition of this electric motor changes the properties of the brake actuation and has an influence on the wheel inertia. However, the objective of this paper is to study the change of the dynamics induced by the regenerative braking which assess the performance of traditional ABS systems on the parallel hybrid electric vehicles. The MATLAB software to establish the simulation model, which include the single wheel dynamic model, hydraulic brake system model, electric motor brake system model and traditional ABS controller were used.

The intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine (IC) have been traditionally operated by a mechanically driven camshaft, the valve mechanisms have improved over long years. They became more versatile, the electromechanical valve (or electromagnetic valve) provides improvements in engine efficiency, fuel consumptions, emissions, and performance by changing the valve lift and valve timing as a function of engine operating conditions. In an electromagnetic valve train (EMV), actuator replaces the camshaft and tappet from conventional engine. The electromagnetic actuator contains two electromagnets (solenoids), an actuator spring and an armature. However, the aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally electromagnetic valve train performance and vibration characteristics. For this reason, a special test rig was designed to evaluation electromagnetic valve train performance. The vibration responses were measured on the valve face at different operating conditions.