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This paper is an overview of space and aerospace environments, space environmental effects/interactions, and high-voltage electrical/electronic design techniques required to specify and apply electrical insulation to high-voltage parts, components and systems operating in an aerospace environment. Furthermore, in depth issues relating to the specifying of materials, particularly electrical insulation, such as nano-dielectrics, as well as design practices and test methods are presented. Emphasis is given on corona and Paschen breakdown as well as frequency effects showing that the corona inception voltage levels at high frequency are much lower than the dc breakdown voltages in partial pressures.