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This work aims at demonstrating nodes and antinodes at various frequencies of vibrations. Chladni plate is used for this purpose. When the plate is excited because of vibrations from a vibrator source, the sand of the plate creates specific patterns. These patterns are related to the excitation frequency. The sand on the plate moves away from antinodes where the amplitude of the standing wave is maximum and towards nodal lines where the amplitude is minimum or zero, forming patterns known as Chladni figures. The formation of patterns depends on material properties, geometry of plate, and thickness of plate and frequency/vibration pattern of the vibrator. The experimental setup consisted of a aluminum rectangular plate of 16 cm × 16 cm and aluminum circular plate of diameter 16 cm are having thickness of 0.61 mm placed over a mechanical vibrator (GelsonLab HSPW-003), which was driven by a sine wave signal generator (Ningbo Hema scientific).

This research paper presents controller development and its performance analysis for two wheeler. The comparison for different performance parameters is carried out with and without automated manual transmission (AMT) controller. The AMT considered in this case, includes a conventional manual transmission gear-box with conventional clutch pedal. It is equipped with clutch actuation with the help of linear actuator and the gear shifting using servo motor. The upshift and downshifting of the gears and the clutch actuation is done through the decisions of controller. The results generated during the engine dynamometer test are used as input creating two wheeler vehicle model using AVL cruise software. This vehicle model is used to predict vehicle performance. The vehicle performance results are validated with chassis dynamometer test data. The vehicle model is modified for generation of gear shifting plot.

This research paper includes the design and development of semi active suspension system using the permanent magnet, electromagnet and its control. The combination of permanent magnets is used to withstand static load of 20 kg. The controller is used to deploy the control logic and decide the supply of the required quantity of current to the electromagnets. There are two inputs given to the controller, one of them is air gap between upper magnets and lower magnets and second is the nature of the road profile in terms of amplitude of irregularity of the road. Based on the values of these two inputs the current supplied to the electromagnet is varied which results in variable damping force. The experimental setup for semi active suspension is developed. It includes a metallic roller fitted with irregularity similar to road profile, chain and sprocket connected to electric motor, whose magnitude is sensed and given as an input to the controller.

With increased vehicular traffic density a trend has been observed where customers have started preferring automatic transmission in place of its manual version. This Automatic transmission not only shifts the gear automatically, with the help of sensors and actuators, but they are also tuned for better performance of the vehicle in terms of fuel efficiency and emission. This all comes at the cost of power consumption from the battery, increment in cost, weight and complexity. The main parts of an automatic transmission include Torque Convertor, Sensors, Actuators, Transmission Control Unit (TCU) with the epicyclic gear-train being the heart of it. In terms of use in the automotive, a system of epicyclic gear-train can provide only 2 gear ratios. Ravigneaux gear-train is the modified version of epicyclic gear-train where there are two set of Planet gears and Sun gears or Ring gears thereby capable of giving 4 gear ratios with a single system.

In a developing country like India, Two-wheelers dominate the automotive market with around 80% market shares. In Indian city traffic conditions, driving a two wheeler is a tiresome job. Manual transmission makes this task even further uncomfortable. So an automatic transmission is a better solution. A new automatic transmission system is developed which can reduce fatigue of drivers. Steps of ARIZ (Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving) were followed. Ideas or concepts for the design were proposed from various fields and were compared for various parameters like size, weight, complexity, manufacturability, feasibility, efficiency and cost. They were also compared with the existing transmission systems. Based upon the results of the comparison, 5 designs were selected and they were analyzed thoroughly. Finally one design was selected.

The use of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) will become imperative to meet the emission challenges. HEV have two power sources-fossil fuels driven I.C. Engine and the battery based drive. Battery technologies have seen a tremendous development, and therefore HEV’s have been benefited. Even as the battery capacities have improved, maintaining and monitoring their health has been a challenge. This research paper uses open-source platform to build a BMS. The flexibility in the implementation of the system has helped in the rapid prototyping of the system. The BMS system was evaluated on a scaled-down electric toy car for its performance and sustainability. The BMS was evaluated for reverse polarity, protection against overcharge, short-circuit, deep discharge and overload on lead acid battery. It also includes temperature monitoring of the batteries. This proposed system is evaluated on the in-house HEV two-wheeler. The initial results are promising.

The design of the conventional passive suspension has always been a compromise between vehicle handling and comfort, which led to the development of the modern active and semi active suspension systems. Amongst these, semi-active suspension has been focus of research in recent years owing to its lesser complexity and less power consumption as compared to active suspension. Semi active suspension uses real time variation in damping coefficient which can be achieved by using various control strategies. It is observed from available literature that Skyhook (for better ride comfort), Groundhook (for better vehicle handling) and Hybrid are most widely used strategies. These strategies use ‘On-Off’ control strategy (i.e. two preset values of damping co-efficient) but a better control over damping coefficients can be achieved using Continuous Control strategy. This paper aims to implement Continuous control strategy using Fuzzy logic for the semi active suspension.

This paper describes the design and development of a prototype parallel hybrid electric two-wheeler vehicle. A unique transmission system is designed, developed and integrated into a two-wheeler with conventional manual transmission system. The vehicle runs on a petrol engine coupled with an electric motor in parallel drive configuration. The vehicle has three basic modes of operation - engine mode, electric mode, hybrid switching mode. Two optional modes are also possible - Regenerative braking mode and Continuous assistance mode. Apart from these, the vehicle has an independent gear box set for the electric motor, meant for three other modes of operation - low speed (high torque), medium speed and high speed operations suitable for high gradient, city and highway conditions respectively when in electric mode. The maximum speed target in electric mode is 25kmph in city drive and 40kmph in highway with a range of 50km per charging in electric mode.

The three main objectives that a suspension system of an automobile must satisfy are ride comfort, vehicle handling and suspension working space. The aim of this paper is to design and analyze the semi active suspension system models using skyhook, ground hook and hybrid control method. The two degree of freedom (2 DOF) quarter car model is used for analysis of vehicle body displacement, vehicle acceleration and suspension working space and dynamic tire deflection. Simulation of semi active control models are carried out in MATLAB SIMULINK which describes performance of passive system, skyhook on-off and continuous control, ground hook control and hybrid control methods. Time response analysis shows that, for road bump excitation of 70mm vertical displacement, skyhook on-off control improves ride comfort for the results of maximum peak to peak body displacement with 27.53% improvement than that of the passive suspension model.

Whole body vibration deals with the biodynamic responses of human body in various postures. Vertical vibration exposure in sitting posture is common situation encountered while driving vehicle or riding motorcycle. We have chosen Wan & Schimmel's 4 DOF biodynamic model for this study by referring the goodness of fit results for various models available in the literature. A single degree of freedom model of motorcycle is used for analysis of whole body vibration on two wheeler. We have neglected pitch, yaw movements of two wheeler for purpose of simplicity. Whole body vibration analysis for human body in sitting posture is described by three terms i.e. Seat to Head Transmissibility (STH), Driving point impendence (DPM) & apparent mass (AP). In order to analyze human response on motorcycle Road to head (RTH), Road to lower torso (RTLT), Road to viscera (RTV), Road to upper torso (RTUT) responses are calculated for different motorcycle suspension natural frequencies.