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This contribution deals with the modeling and validation of multi-physical battery-models, by using the programming language Modelica. The article presents a battery model which can be used to simulate the electric, thermal and aging behavior of a lithium-ion traction battery of an EV in different load conditions. The model is calibrated with experimental data of an electric vehicle tested on a chassis dynamometer. The calibration parameters, that are the open circuit voltage, the serial resistance and the resistance and capacitance of two serially connected RC-circuits, are used to configure the electric equivalent circuit model of the battery. The calibration process is based on a best-fit of the measured data from one test, while the validation is made by comparing measured and simulated battery voltages of a different battery load cycle.

Energy efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) and the representativeness of different driving cycles are important aspects to address EVs performance in real-world driving conditions. This paper presents the results of an explorative tests campaign carried out at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission to investigate the impact of different driving cycles on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle available on the market. The vehicle is a battery electric city-car which has been tested over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the current version of the World-wide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and the World-wide Motorcycle emission Test Cycle (WMTC). The tests are performed at different ambient temperatures (namely +23 °C and −7 °C) with and without the use of the Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system (in cooling and heating mode, respectively).