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Future legislations claim further reduction of all restricted emissions as well as the limitation of soot emissions in diesel engines. Special alternative diesel fuels that do not contain aromatic compounds, therefore, promise great potential for further reduction of HC, CO and particulate emissions. During a research project carried out at the Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology at the Vienna University of Technology, the potential of alternative diesel fuels was investigated using a state-of-the-art diesel engine with common rail direct injection. The testing took part using an engine test rig as well as on the chassis dynamometer test bench to demonstrate the emission levels in real life conditions. As real biofuel, pure HVO (Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil) was investigated and additionally in different blends with fossil diesel fuel.