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In the EU regulations, specification's for diesel fuel quality is regulated in the standard EN590. Sweden has however for many years used an “Environmental Class 1” (EC1) diesel fuel. In addition to fulfilling the EN590 standard, the main difference today between the Swedish EC1 and the EN590 fuel specifications is that higher levels of aromatics and polyaromatics (PAH) are allowed in the EN590 standard. Aromatics are considered to be potentially mutagenic, and the higher levels of aromatics also lead to increased particle emissions. Earlier studies of the exhaust emissions from engines using the different fuel qualities have shown significant differences, both regarding regulated emissions and health effects. In these studies, vehicles from emission standard Euro III and older have been used. The scope of this study was to investigate whether the differences persist for a modern Euro V vehicle or not.

Alternative-fuelled vehicles are a growing market, and emission performance of these vehicles should be thoroughly investigated. The emission legislation is however very diversified in different countries; a short summary of the legislation in the EU, the USA and Brazil is presented in this study. In the EU regulations, everything measured with the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) is treated as hydrocarbon emissions. In the USA the alcohols and aldehydes are measured and reported separately from hydrocarbons. In Brazil, the alcohol part can be measured separately on voluntary basis. The influence of some of these differences has been further investigated in this report. Results from two related studies are presented. The FID response for ethanol was investigated and emission testing of an E85-fuelled FFV (Flex Fuel Vehicle) was performed.