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In the present work is presented a detailed evaluation of an advanced diagnostic technique, developed by the authors, for the determination of diesel engine condition and tuning. For this purpose, an extended experimental investigation has been conducted on a prototype test engine installed in the author's laboratory. During the measurements various operating parameters (i.e. torque, fuel consumption, injection pressure, cylinder pressure, peripheral temperatures etc.) have been recorded at various operating conditions (i.e. engine speed and loads). Initially the engine operated at its normal conditions (i.e. reference state). Then, two “virtual” faults (i.e. reduction of injector opening pressure and increase of cylinder mass leakage) were introduced, that affected engine operation.