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Two methods are allowed in ISO 26262-5 for hardware analysis of random hardware failures. The 1st method is called “Evaluation of Probabilistic Metric for random Hardware Failures”. The 2nd method is called “Evaluation of each cause of safety goal violation”. Advantages of the 2nd method during development of ASIL D Generation 3 Electric Power Steering are presented in this paper. A reliability analysis is one of the important prerequisite for the hardware analysis and this paper shows the best practice for hardware part failure rate estimation using industry standards such as IEC TR 62380. The equally important focus is on a diagnostic coverage of each safety mechanism with respect to residual faults and with respect to relevant dual/latent point faults because any safety design can either benefit from low failure rates or from high diagnostic coverage of safety mechanism to mitigate faults. FMEA is highly recommended by ISO 26262-5 as a part of hardware analysis.

Hybrid electric powertrain can be a promising and cost-effective technology to meet forthcoming emissions regulations. However, the hybridization of a conventional powertrain remains a complex task. According to their functions, hybrid powertrains can be classified into full-hybrid, mild-hybrid and micro-hybrid, of which micro-hybrid system is regarded as the most cost-effective solution for current regulations. Although a micro-hybrid system employs relatively simple new functions, such as stop/start and regenerative braking, to achieve the target fuel economy with reasonable cost, the engineer must consider many practical aspects in order to deliver a solution which is robust, effective and easy to understand for customers. In this paper the development of a belt-driven integrated starter generator (BISG) micro-hybrid system for a light-duty commercial vehicle application is presented.