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As battery temperature greatly affects performance, safety, and life of Li-ion batteries in plug-in and electric vehicles under various driving conditions, automakers and battery suppliers are paying increased attention to thermal management for Li-ion batteries in order to reduce the high temperature excursions that could decrease the life and reduce safety of Li-Ion batteries. Currently, the lack of fundamental understanding of the heat generation mechanism due to complex electrochemical phenomena prohibits accurate estimation of the heat generation within Li-ion cells under various operating conditions. Heat from Li-ion batteries can be generated from resistive dissipation, the entropy of the cell reaction, heat of mixing, and other side chemical reactions. Each of these can be a significant source of heat under a range of circumstances.

Recently electric and electronic devices in vehicle have been rapidly increasing. Because the dynamic characteristics of these systems are too much complicated, it is getting very difficult to predict the change of electrical energy accurately. Especially, since the lead-acid battery has a fast aging process, managing the electrical energy in vehicle becomes more difficult. This paper shows the electrical energy simulator, which consists of a battery, an alternator and various electrical devices. In particular, proposed aging battery model was implemented using a finite element method (FEM) based on electrochemical approach. And the thermal characteristic of alternator is also focused on getting reliable performance. Finally, we validated the electrical energy simulator including this battery model on the actual conditions in vehicle.