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Variation in vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) response can be caused by variability in design (e.g. tolerance), material, manufacturing, or other sources of variation. Such variation in the vehicle response causes a higher percentage of produced vehicles with higher levels (out of specifications) of NVH leading to higher number of warranty claims and loss of customer satisfaction, which are proven costly. Measures must be taken to ensure less warranty claims and higher levels of customer satisfaction. As a result, original equipment manufacturers have implemented design for variation in the design process to secure an acceptable (or within specification) response. This paper focuses on aspects of design variations that should be considered in the design process of drivelines. Variations due to imbalance and runout in rotating components can be unavoidable or costly to control.

Variability in design (e.g. tolerance), material, manufacturing, or other sources of variation causes significant variation in vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) response. This leads to a higher percentage of produced vehicles with higher levels of NVH leading to higher number of warranty claims and loss of customer satisfaction, which are proven costly to the original equipment manufacturers (OEM). Measures must be taken to insure less warranty claims and higher levels of customer satisfaction. As a result, original equipment manufacturers have implemented design for variation in the design process to secure an acceptable (or within specification) response. We will focus on some aspects of design variations in a tire/wheel assembly that should be considered in the design process. In particular, certain materials (e.g. rubber) are known to have variation in stiffness that is either unavoidable or proven costly if tighter control is desired.

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) facilitates the embedding of computational intelligence, communication, control, and new mechanisms for sensing and actuation into physical systems, such as the transportation infrastructure. They are a combination of computation and physical processes each affecting the outcome of the other. The wireless networked CPS sensors are envisaged to provide rapid response capabilities such as real time analysis, distributed coordination, classify events, condition based maintenance etc, to make critical decisions in networked transportation systems. To achieve the above it is required to fuse data from multiple heterogeneous sensors data. However, such ability is currently impeded by a lack of expressive and standardized syntactic and semantic models for the sensors data for proper exchange of information with the cyber and physical applications.