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In the present paper, a new biofuel ethylene glycol monomethyl ether soyate has been developed. The biofuel was synthesized with a refined soybean oil and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as reactants and sodium as catalyst under 90°C. The synthesized crude product was purified and structurally identified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FT-IR), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyses. The physicochemical properties of the biofuel and its addition effects on properties of diesel fuel were measured according to China national standard test methods. A single cylinder diesel engine was employed to evaluate the influences of the biofuel on engine fuel economy and engine-out emissions of CO, HC, NOx and smoke.

In the present study, ethanol and EGDE were mixed in 1:1 proportion by volume to make a new oxygenate blend as a clean diesel fuel additive. Results showed that the oxygenate blend is miscible with diesel fuel within a wide proportion range above 0°C. With the increase in the content level of the oxygenate blend in diesel fuel, viscosity decreases near linearly, smoke point increases, closed flash point decreases rapidly below 5% of the oxygenate blend by volume in diesel fuel and then maintains unchanged with the oxygenate blend content increasing, and solidifying point of 0# diesel fuel decreases. When a engine was fueled with a diesel fuel added with 20% (v) of the oxygenate blend operating under partial load at 1800rpm and 2300rpm respectively, smoke emissions can be lessened by about 50% to 80%, and CO can be reduced by up to about 70%. NOx emissions generally increase slightly.

A new oxygenate of di-(2-ethoxyethyl) carbonate was synthesized, and its structure was identified by FT-IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses. The effects of addition of the substance to diesel fuel on fuel properties and engine performance were studied. Results showed that this oxygenate is miscible with individual hydrocarbons in any proportion under normal temperature of 25°C. When di-(2-ethoxyethyl) carbonate is introduced to a diesel fuel, kinematic viscosity does not change notably, smoke point increases linearly. Flash point and solidifying point decline remarkably even at low content level of 5%(v) of the oxygenate, whereas they do not decrease further notably with its content increasing. The compound does not exert corrosion effect on cupric metal. When a diesel engine was fueled with the diesel fuel containing 25%(v) of the oxygenate.

In this paper, a novel biodiesel-like fuel, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether palm oil monoester was synthesized with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and palm oil as reagents and KOH as catalyst. Transesterification reaction was conducted to approach the optimal preparation conditions. Its chemical structure was identified through analyses of FT-IR, 1H-NMR and GPC analyses. A double cylinders, 4-stroke, water-cooled, DI diesel engine was adopted to accomplish determination of power output and exhaust emissions. The results showed that Smoke, NOx, HC and CO emissions were significantly reduced in contrast with diesel fuel. The new biodiesel-like fuel also exhibited less ignition delay and shorter combustion duration than diesel fuel.

Three cottonseed oil ether monoesters were synthesized and structurally identified and they are ethylene glycol methyl ether cottonseed oil monoester, di-ethylene glycol methyl ether cottonseed oil monoester and tri-ethylene glycol methyl ether cottonseed oil monoester. Investigation was made on the effect of ether group number on physicochemical properties of the cottonseed oil ether monoesters. The results showed that density, kinematic viscosity, smoke point, and solidifying point increase linearly with their ether group number in certain relationships. Cetane number is enhanced in a multinomial function whereas heat value decreases linearly with ether group number. When the cottonseed oil ether monoesters were respectively added to the 0# diesel fuel at volumetric content level of 10%(v) and 50%(v), certain regularities were obtained of the properties changing with ether group number.

In this paper, a new oxygenate methyl 2-butoxyethyl carbonate was chemically synthesized and structurally identified. The effects of the oxygenate as an additive on diesel fuel properties were investigated. Accompanying the increase in volumetric content of the oxygenate in diesel fuel, kinematic viscosity decreases slightly, smoke point increases substantially, flash point goes up a little, solidifying point declines remarkably linearly and there is no copper corrosion emerging during the experiment. The test results of a single cylinder, DI diesel engine burning diesel fuels containing 15%(v) and 25%(v) of the oxygenate exhibited that under 1600rpm, CO can be reduced by the maximum of 60.0%, smoke can be lessened by 57.1%∼87.3% and 57.1%∼91.2% respectively. At 2000rpm, CO can be reduced respectively by the maximum of 50.0% and 87.5%, smoke can be lessened by 9.1%∼64.1% and 33.3%∼69.6% respectively.

Biodiesels, which are produced through the transesterification reaction of fatty acids with alcohols, are promising clean alternative fuels in substitution of conventional diesel fuels. In this paper, a novel biodiesel, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether cottonseed oil monoester (TGMECOM), was developed. It was synthesized through transesterification of refined cottonseed oil and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TGME) with KOH as catalyst. Its chemical structure was characterized through FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses. To investigate the engine performance of TGMECOM, tests on a two-cylinder DI diesel engine were conducted with different concentrations blended into diesel fuel. The results indicate that, compared to diesel fuel, TGMECOM has higher cetane number and oxygen content. For TGMECOM, the combustion timing of engine is advanced, ignition delay is shortened, and the combustion is improved.

In this paper, a novel biodiesel, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether peanut oil monoester, was developed. It was synthesized through transesterification reaction with refined peanut oil and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as reactants and KOH as catalyst. Its chemical structure was identified through FT-IR, 1H NMR and GPC analyses. Engine test was conducted and the results showed that engine-out smoke emissions were decreased by 25.0% to 75.0%, CO emissions reduced by up to 50.0% and unburned HC emissions lessened significantly. NOx emissions generally did not change noticeably. The new peanut oil monoester has higher cetane number leading to auto-ignition 1.2°CA earlier than diesel fuel during diesel engine operation. Due to more amount of oxygen contained in the new biodiesel, the engine thermal efficiency was improved by 5.5% to 15.4% when fueled with the biofuel compared with diesel fuel.

In this study, by introducing an ether group into DMC molecule, a novel oxygenate of methyl 2-ethoxyethyl carbonate(MEEC) was created as a new kind of oxygenated diesel fuel. Its effects at different content levels in diesel fuel on engine-out emissions, power output, fuel economy and energy consumption were assessed on a selected single cylinder, DI diesel engine. The results showed that MEEC can considerably reduce exhaust emissions. Under full-load conditions, CO can be lessened by 29.2% to 40.5%, smoke lessened by 0.3 to 0.5 BSU when diesel fuel is doped with 25% by volume of the oxygenate. NOx can be lessened by 15.9% to the maximum when adding 15% of MEEC by volume. Under partial-load conditions at a speed of 2000 rpm, CO can be decreased by 46.7% to 69.4%, smoke decreased by 50% to the maximum when diesel fuel is doped with 25% by volume, and NOx can be decreased by up to 22.8% when adding 15% by volume of it.

Recently, two types of new gasoline detergents had been developed in our laboratory namely 2-hydroxyl-3-para- polyisobutylphenoxy propyl amines and parapolyisobutyl- phenoxyethyl amines using polyisobutyl(Mw=815, 995)phenol, epoxy chloropropane, 1,2-dibromoethane, diamine and triamine. In current investigation, studies were focused on their performances, their thermal stability and their effects on gasoline physicochemical properties. The fuel oxidation reactor test was performed which results showed that deposits formed 0.84 mg/cm2 from unadditized gasoline decreased to 0.30 ∼ 0.48 mg/cm2 when 300 μg/g(ppm) of 2-hydroxyl-3-parapoly- isobutylphenoxy propyl amine was added during 35 hours oxidation at 110°C, while deposits formed 0.84 mg/cm2 from unadditized gasoline decreased to 0.34 ∼ 0.52mg/cm2 when 300μg/g of parapolyisobutylphenoxy- ethyl amine was added during tests. Also, reduction patterns of deposit formation with increase of their dosage were investigated.