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Over the past decade significant research and development activities have been invested in alternative fuels in order to reduce our dependency on fossil fuel sources and reduce CO₂ and local emissions from traffic. One result of these R&D efforts is paraffinic diesel fuels, which can be used with existing vehicle fleets and infrastructures. Paraffinic diesels also have other benefits compared to conventional diesels, for example, a very high cetane number and the lack of sulfur and aromatic compounds. These characteristics are beneficial in terms of exhaust gas emissions, something which has been demonstrated in numerous studies. The objective of this study was to develop low-emission combustion technologies for paraffinic renewable diesel in a compression ignition engine, and to study the possible benefits of oxygenated paraffinic diesel.

In this study, vehicle exhaust emissions and performance were studied using various renewable components with the aim of achieving a high bio-share in gasoline and compatibility with conventional cars. Several biogasoline components were included in the fuel matrix: ethanol, ETBE, isobutanol, n-butanol and renewable hydrocarbon gasoline produced from hydrotreated oils and fats. The share of bioenergy in the test fuel blends varied from 7 to 28 Eeqv%, and the oxygen content from 0 to 11 m/m%. Fossil gasoline was used as the reference fuel for emissions performance, and E85 fuel as an example of a typical market fuel for FFV cars. Experimental work was carried out at −7 °C with two conventional gasoline cars and one FFV car. The measurements included regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions.