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In Biodiesel Fuel Research Working Group(WG) of Japan Auto-Oil Program(JATOP), some impacts of high biodiesel blends have been investigated from the viewpoints of fuel properties, stability, emissions, exhaust aftertreatment systems, cold driveability, mixing in engine oils, durability/reliability and so on. In the impact on exhaust emissions, the impact of high biodiesel blends into diesel fuel on diesel emissions was evaluated. The wide variety of biodiesel blendstock, which included not only some kinds of fatty acid methyl esters(FAME) but also hydrofined biodiesel(HBD) and Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel(FTD), were selected to evaluate. The main blend level evaluated was 5, 10 and 20% and the higher blend level over 20% was also evaluated in some tests. The main advanced technologies for exhaust aftertreatment systems were diesel particulate filter(DPF), Urea selective catalytic reduction (Urea-SCR) and the combination of DPF and NOx storage reduction catalyst(NSR).

The effects of ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) and ethanol (EtOH) blending in gasoline on particulate matter (PM) emissions were investigated for a direct-injection spark ignition vehicle running on a chassis dynamometer. The test was performed under constant-speed conditions and 10.15-mode and 11-mode cycles. The total number of particles was measured by using a condensation particle counter (CPC). It was observed that the number of particles was affected by the amount of aromatics in the fuel and T90 (the distillation temperature where 90 vol.% of the fuel is evaporated), which was caused by the blending of the oxygenated compounds. The impact of T90 on the number of particles was greater for the 11-mode cycle than for the 10.15-mode one.