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Alternative-fuelled vehicles are a growing market, and emission performance of these vehicles should be thoroughly investigated. The emission legislation is however very diversified in different countries; a short summary of the legislation in the EU, the USA and Brazil is presented in this study. In the EU regulations, everything measured with the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) is treated as hydrocarbon emissions. In the USA the alcohols and aldehydes are measured and reported separately from hydrocarbons. In Brazil, the alcohol part can be measured separately on voluntary basis. The influence of some of these differences has been further investigated in this report. Results from two related studies are presented. The FID response for ethanol was investigated and emission testing of an E85-fuelled FFV (Flex Fuel Vehicle) was performed.

One CNG/petrol and two ethanol/petrol passenger cars were tested using the NEDC and Artemis cycles. Conventional petrol, compressed biogas (CBG), Swedish summer (E85) and winter ethanol fuels (E85W) were used. The tests were performed at 22°C and -7°C. Regulated emissions, particulate mass (PM), particle number (PN), CH4, HC speciation and aldehyde were measured. Operating with the ethanol fuels, ethanol/petrol vehicles had lower energy consumptions comparing to petrol fuel. E85 fuel led to reductions in NOx, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene and PN emissions but increases in aldehyde emissions during the 22°C NEDC tests. Both E85 and E85W led to high aldehyde, CO, HC, PM and PN emissions in the -7°C NEDC tests. For the CNG/petrol vehicle, CBG fuel led to decreased energy consumption, NOx, PM and PN emissions but increased CH4 emissions comparing to petrol fuel.