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Doosan Infracore Corporation has developed the combustion system of a brand-new DX12 heavy-duty diesel engine equipped for 38 ~ 50 tonnage excavators and 4.2 ~ 4.5 m3 bucket-size wheel loaders which are mainly targeted to emerging countries. A variety of advanced combustion technologies were incorporated in the design of the DX12 engine to meet Tier3 emission legislation even with a mechanically controlled fuel injection equipment while ensuring around 2 % improvement in fuel consumption as well as over 8 % increase in rated power than its Tier2 predecessor. Mechanical-type diesel engine has a couple of significant advantages especially in terms of cost and maintenance compared to electronic-type counterpart. In addition, mechanical fuel system is better able to tolerate a low fuel quality which is potentially possible in emerging countries.

This paper shows development challenges for 6 liter heavy duty off-road diesel engines to meet the Tier4 final emission regulations with a base diesel engine compliant with Tier4 interim emission regulations. Even if an after-treatment system helps to reduce emissions, quite amount of particulate matters (PM) reduction is still necessary since a diesel particulate filter (DPF) system is supposed to be excluded in Tier4 final diesel engine. The objective of this research is to see if the base engine has a feasibility to meet Tier4 final emission regulations by a change of piston bowl geometry without DPF. Quite amount of PM can be reduced by piston bowl geometry because piston bowl geometry is a very important part that enhances air and fuel mixing process that help the combustion process.