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From the point of view of the customer purchasing a car the ecological as well as the price aspect is in the main focus today and in the years that come. This will increase due to global warming, the accelerated depletion of raw materials and significant price increases. Downsizing of spark ignition engines is an opportunity to lessen these shortcomings by decreasing the displacement volume of the engine and for a constant power increasing the load. In the case of extreme downsizing, especially in the case of low engine speed, auto ignition occurs in the air/fuel mixture. As a consequence cylinder pressure tends to exhibit high amplitudes and frequencies, which can lead to engine damage. This paper presents a model which allows linking 3D-CFD with a detailed chemical reaction system. Therefore a three-dimensional numerical model in OpenFOAM is formulated that includes all physical characteristics of a direct-injected, highly charged spark ignition engine.

Today’s car manufactures inevitably have to focus on the reduction of fuel consumption while maintaining high performance standards. In this respect, the downsized turbocharged DISI (Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engine represents an appealing solution. However, downsizing is limited because of knocking phenomena occurring at high- and full-load conditions due to autoignition of the unburned mixture ahead the flame front. A common way of reducing knock tendencies is provided by Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). However, EGR modifies the chemical composition of the cylinder charge and recirculated species like nitric oxide (NO) or unburned Hydrocarbons (HC) particularly increase the reactivity of the unburned mixture. In other words, the EGR influences the Octane Number (ON) of the in-cylinder gases.