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The fabrication or repairing of aircraft components made of Hastelloy X to be resolved using an arc welding technique. In this study, Hastelloy X was joint with ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler by pulsed current gas tungsten arc (PCGTA) welding. The high temperature tensile property of the weldment has been evaluated at three different temperatures such as 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C. The tensile properties such as yield strength (294, 259 and 205 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (475, 396 and 245 MPa) and percentage of elongation or ductility (17, 14 and 11 %) follows the similar trend with temperature at 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C respectively. It revealed the values of all the properties are decreased as the temperature increased. The lowest strength was evaluated for weldment at 900 °C. The high temperature tensile test also revealed that the fracture of weldments for all three conditions is found at the weld centre (WC).

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of current pulsation frequency on the weld bead microstructure, segregation and hardness of Hastelloy C-2000 weldments. Bead on Plate (BoP) welds were made by using Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding method (PCGTAW) at eleven different frequencies. The weld bead width and depth of penetration was measured with the help of Dinolite macro analyzer. The microstructure of weldments are further examined through optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the type of grain, grain coarsening and extent of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). The grain structure turn into finer and equiaxed in all cases and there was an optimum frequency range over which the significant grain refinement was observed. Microsegregation of alloying elements were computed with the aid of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers Hardness Tester was used to measure the hardness of the weld samples at ambient conditions.

This research is an attempt to investigate the possibility of enhancing wear and corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy and composites for high-temperature applications. The 319 alloys with minor additions of Ni, Ti and Fe elements using the liquid metallurgy technique, Al-Si-Cu-Mg matrix alloy (Al alloy) was obtained and it was used as a base alloy and it is reinforced with Silicon carbide (SiC), Magnesium oxide (MgO) under the following composites, namely Al alloy/3wt % MgO (AA-SRM), Al alloy/ 3wt % SiC (AA-SRS) and Al alloy/3wt %SiC-3wt % MgO (AAHRSM) using a stir casting route. The wear test was investigated under the following factors, namely constant sliding velocity 3.21 m/s, sliding distance up to 10000 m under different loadings (4.9, 9.8, 14.7, 19.62, and 24.5 N) using wear test by a pin on the disc test rig. The wear rate was calculated using the tested samples under different loadings, sliding distance, and weight concentration conditions.

This study examines the influence of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and on the physical properties of the rapid prototype SLS material. The wear properties of the rapid prototype SLS material both before and after cryogenic treatment are studied in three phases. Phase I deals with the sample preparation through the SLS technique; Phase II involves the preliminary tests like roughness test, hardness test, SEM and wear test. Phase III is the cryogenic treatment of the sample in the setup designed. The cryogenic coolant used is Nitrogen, having a boiling point of 77 K, and the whole treatment process takes about 2 to 3 days. Phase IV deals with the testing of the cryogenically treated samples in which similar tests to that in Phase I are carried out. These results are tabulated and graphs are plotted. Furthermore, the percentage change in the hardness and wear properties of the samples are found.

Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is a rapid prototyping technique used to fabricate and repair metallic prototypes. It can be used in the production of complex geometries and unique parts. In functional automotive applications wear characteristics hold key importance. In the present study, an analysis on the influence of various parameters (coating thickness, load and temperature) on the wear characteristics of Direct Metal Deposited (DMD) Inconel 625 coating has been carried out using a Design of Experiments (DOE). ANOVA calculations were performed to find out which of these parameters showed significant influence on the wear properties. It was found that load was the most significant parameter influencing the wear characteristics .Similarly load was found to be most influencing parameter for co efficient of friction. The trend was found to follow when verified at 30 second, 3 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes.

The utilization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in the current manufacturing sector is growing day - by - day. This is made possible by the constant development of new materials and techniques to overcome the difficulties that are encountered while fabricating a part. In AM, parts are fabricated by laying successive layers on one another till the complete part is build. This gives AM an edge over conventional manufacturing. Even intricate or hollow parts can be fabricated with the same ease as fabricating a solid part. The key objective of this project is to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (PETG) and Carbon fiber reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (CF - PETG), which are fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process of AM. The ASTM standards D638 and D790 were followed for fabricating tensile test and Flexural test specimens respectively.

The developed model analysis is built in matrix runs to optimise the friction stir welding parameters of rotational speed, welding speed, shoulder diameter and tilt angle in this research. The aim of any design is to maximise the welded properties, either to surpass the base metal properties. The model that is created is the product of a number of regression methods that have been tested for adequacy. In this model we have taken three levels of varying parameters shoulder diameters, rotational speed, welding speed. Mathematical model is developed for the effect of three process parameter at three levels using response surface methodology (RSM).

This work inspects the metallurgical and tensile demeanor of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler wire on alloy 80A weldment. Defect free weldment was achieved in a four pass through PCGTA welding. The center of the weld microstructure is decorated with equiaxed dendritic structure and columnar dendritic structure. SEM analysis showed the existence of Mo, Fe and Ti secondary phase precipitation in the grain boundary region of the weld zone. Tensile testing was conducted to analysis the strength and ductility of weldment. The result showed that the tensile strength and ductility were lower than that of base metal (BM).

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites propose exceptional directional mechanical properties, and combining their advantages with the potential of 3D printing has resulted in many novel research fronts. Industries have started using 3D printed components which are rapidly replacing conventional material components in most of the industries. Carbon fiber reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) often finds its application in reasonably high loading conditions working at lesser speed like lightweight gears, spanners, nuts, and bolts. Wear reduction is an important factor that plays an important role in prolonging the component's life. Hence, it is crucial to optimize 3D printing parameters to get desired strength according to the application. The aim of this paper is to conduct the wear rate test on the Fused Deposition Modelled (FDM) printed carbon fiber reinforced PLA parts, to identify the optimum printing parameters which are crucial for wear reduction.

The current research work scrutinized the influence of plasma arc in the metallurgical and mechanical behavior of Nimonic 80A weldment. Defect free weld bead of 6 mm thickness was achieved in a single pass through plasma arc welding. The microstructure of weldment is decorated with cellular dendritic structure at the center and at the weld interface region columnar dendritic structure was observed. Metallurgical analysis showed the Cr and Ti secondary precipitates in the interdendritic region of the WZ. The existence of M23C6 and Cr2Ti were observed through the X-ray diffraction analysis. Both tensile test and microhardness test were conducted to study the mechanical properties of weldment. The result concluded that both the strength and ductility inferior than base metal and the hardness of the weld bead is similar to that of BMl.

Collection of various data from sensed data or raw availability of data from transcript or interdependency of data from various sources is a tedious task in a real time scenario like an Indian context is considered. Planning to find a solution to collect the data from various vehicular devices about the information related to the pollution becomes a cumbersome job. The need of the data, under what time duration data has to be transmitted, how they are interconnected and whether data needs to be stored or how they are processed is a major question that arise when dealing with collecting data and internetworking with various vehicular devices. A study of two different types of approaches for internetworking between the devices is discussed. One related to real time setup of mobile application and other with the dynamic cluster approach when the nodes are moving in a region was considered.

Additive manufacturing of aluminium alloy has paved way for the recent advancement in the automobile and aerospace industry due to its light weightlessness and good physical and mechanical features.Even though the additive process has an upper hand in terms of complexity and monotonous nature of the process its sustainability of it over traditional manufacturing is still a question when the whole cycle of the process is considered.This study mainly focuses on the quantitative life cycle analysis conducted on AlSi10Mg with cast AlSi10Mg as a baseline. Life cycle assessment measures environmental impacts, to determine where most impacts arise: machine and supporting hardware; aluminium powder material used, or electricity used to print

The foremost emphasis of this paper is to project the need for collecting the outlet pollutant gases from the individual vehicle which is on fleet and the need to maintain the vehicle to make the surveillance of vehicle in the fleet. The data that is collected from the vehicle was stored in the cloud and provided to the vehicle user mobile application that displays the level of pollutant. With the help of pollutant level the user may be aware of the maintenance or the change in vehicle filling station, which will reduce the overall level of pollutant of the vehicle. The data that is uploaded in the cloud will be used by the regional transport office to keep track of the vehicle user.

At present, the emissions from an internal combustion engine exhaust is reduced by exhaust after treatment devices. However, after treatment devices like SCR which is used to control NOx, results in additional weight, high costs and rejects toxic gases like ammonia etc. To overcome this problem, a new combustion technique should be developed to improve the primary combustion processes inside the combustion chamber itself to reduce these exhaust gas emissions. This work presents the results of such a technique that is applicable to direct injection, Diesel engines. The technique is based on the porous medium combustion (PMC) technology, which is developed for steady state household and industrial combustion processes. Based on the adiabatic combustion in porous medium (PM), a porous medium in engine piston as a concept is proposed here to achieve improved combustion efficiency and low emissions. Using a commercial code CONVERGE the entire cycle is simulated and presented here.

The elastic axis decoupling to offset the elastic center of the automotive engine mounting system towards the center of gravity of the power-train is studied. General procedure of diagonalization of stiffness matrix which is a factor of the principle stiffness, coupled stiffness, position and inclination of engine mounts is analysed. Maintaining symmetry of the mounting system to ensure functional characteristics the elastic axis decoupling can be achieved by simplification to few factors of relative stiffness ratios, relative position ratios and multiplication factors. The effect of CG shift from the plane of symmetry on the coupling of the modes of vibration can be seen. The inevitability of perfect elastic axis decoupling can be assessed to achieve the optimal partial elastic axis decoupling required to the designers need.

The use of thermoplastics in various fields like aerospace, automotive, medical and packaging industries is growing day by day, due to their light weight and compactness. In some instances, the plastic components are required to be welded. In this research study, process parameters used for the ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics which produces highest weld strength for complex use in the above said applications is carried out. Also, the possibilities of welding dissimilar plastics are also tested. Tensile testing of above welded samples fabricated through injection moulding was carried out for all possible welds and the ultimate tensile strength was calculated in each case. Of all the welded specimens, at given parameters like weld time, weld pressure and energy director, it is observed that ultimate tensile strength of ABS (8.89 N/mm2) is highest.

A study of an aerofoil structure used for automotive body design is being conducted and an experiment has been performed to determine the lift and drag forces produced by it by varying its Angle of Attack. The NACA0018 and NACA0015 aerofoil with a chord length of 16 cm were used for this study. Then an analysis was done with the help of (CFD) computational fluid dynamics. The results obtained by CFD analysis where compared by the experimental results which was performed on wind tunnel using NACA0018 aerofoil. The results are then presented graphically, showing pressure and velocity distributions lift and drag coefficients for the different cases which will be useful for design of automotive body structures.

The present world persists with a twin crisis of energy consumption and the environmental degradation. Finding a compromise between them provides a breakthrough in the research in energy containments of the engine attachments. Oil pump has role of providing the transmission of oil to other engine parts and acts as the coolant for the moving parts. Conventional oil pump with pressure relief valve is its loss lot of energy in oil re-circulation due to the discharge effect. On contrary, the variable displacement oil pump has an effect on reduction of oil pressure using eccentric ring without having any compromise with the energy consumption. This paper proposes model and experimental methodology of a variable displacement Gerotor oil pump for lubricating the internal combustion engine. This particular unit is performed extremely in terms of rotational speed, delivery pressure and displacement variation.

A model for Hybrid electric vehicle power train with parallel hybrid braking system has been constructed. The hybrid vehicle utilized is based on integrated motor assist power train developed by Honda co utilized in Honda Insight car. The model is implemented using empirical formulation and power control schemes. A power control strategy based on throttle position (% throttle) and brake pedal position (% braking) is used. It incorporates the parallel hybrid braking system for the hybrid electric vehicle. The model allows for real time evaluation of wide range of parameters in vehicle operation as HEV without parallel hybrid braking system (PHBS) and with PHBS. Due to regenerative braking the structure design and control of braking system for HEV is different from conventional vehicle. The PHBS is the good option to provide safety of the vehicle and simultaneously recover reasonable amount of braking energy.

In additive manufacturing, lasercusing is the selective laser melting technique. Finely pulverized metal is melted using a high-energy fibre laser, by Island principle strategy produces mechanically and thermally stable metallic components with reduced thermal gradients, stresses & at high precision. Maraging steel 300 (18Ni-300) is an iron-nickel steel alloy often used in applications requires high fracture toughness and strength. It maintains dimensional changes at a minimal level, e.g. aircraft and aerospace industries for rocket motor castings and landing gear or tooling applications. Current research attempts to analyze the effect of laser shock peening on lasercused material. Surface roughness of the material was found to be increased by 8%, due to effect of laser shock pulse & ablative nature. Also 8% increase in macro hardness on the surface.