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The foremost emphasis of this paper is to project the need for collecting the outlet pollutant gases from the individual vehicle which is on fleet and the need to maintain the vehicle to make the surveillance of vehicle in the fleet. The data that is collected from the vehicle was stored in the cloud and provided to the vehicle user mobile application that displays the level of pollutant. With the help of pollutant level the user may be aware of the maintenance or the change in vehicle filling station, which will reduce the overall level of pollutant of the vehicle. The data that is uploaded in the cloud will be used by the regional transport office to keep track of the vehicle user.

Considerable weight of an automobile is constituted by the engine and there is scope for improvement in fuel efficiency and emission control through optimization of weight in the engine. In this work, AlSi10Mg alloy produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is suggested for engine application which is a lightweight aluminum alloy. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of both cast and DMLS manufactured alloy are compared followed by analysis of SEM images of tensile test fractured surfaces. Reciprocating wear test is carried out for one lakh cycles at 125°C temperature with SAE 40 grade oil as lubricant. Co-efficient of friction (COF), wear rate of the cast and DMLS manufactured samples are compared. Wear patterns are analyzed using SEM images of the wear tracks.

In Conventional internal combustion engine cooling system, the coolant pump is belt-driven by the engine crankshaft. The direct coupling between engine and cooling pump results in an excessive flow of cooling fluid at part-load conditions and waste of energy in running the pump at engine cold start, which affects the engine efficiency and, as a consequence, the global fuel consumption. A study has been conducted on a Maruti 800cc MPFI engine cooling system in order to find a way to reduce common overheating problems at idle conditions and intermediate engine speeds with restricted airflow. The study involves testing of an engine radiator in a wind tunnel (calorimeter) to simulate the actual driving conditions. The coolant flow rate, pressure, and temperature characteristics were monitored at different positions in the cooling system while engine speed and load was varied. Engine performance test were carried out for different radiator ram air speeds.

The drastic technological advancements in the field of autonomous vehicles and connected cars lead to substantial progression in the commercial values of automobile industries. However, these advancements force the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to shift from feedback-based reactive business analysis to operational-data based predictive analysis thereby enhancing both the customer satisfaction as well as business opportunities. The operational data is nothing but the parameters obtained from several parts of an automobile during its operation such as, temperature in radiator, viscosity of the engine oil and force applied over the brake disk. These operational data are gathered using several sensors implanted in different parts of an automobile and are continuously transmitted to backend computers to develop Digital Twin, which is a virtual model of the physical automobile.

Digital data extraction is the most important and advance informative system that are embedded in the modern world functioning machinery to acquire the most precise feedback about the real-time operational situation of the machine to the control centre of operation. This data that is acquired from the machinery can be used to increase the efficiency, operational timing, production-cost and the overall human effort that is required for the operation. This paper focuses on the development on the advanced telemetry system that is capable to acquire real-time data of the modern vehicle wirelessly during its motion. A mobile automotive telemetry system for installation on-board a vehicle, includes: diagnostic structure for monitoring operational functions of the vehicle and generating operational information; memory for storing the generated operational information; and a server, in communication with the diagnostic structure and the memory.

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 grade is welded with austenitic filler wires (ERNiCrMo-3 and ERNiCrMo-4) using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to operate at marine environments. Microstructure using optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) are utilized to examine the metallurgical characterization of DSS 2205 weldments. Microhardness, impact, and tensile tests are employed to obtain the mechanical properties of weldments. Secondary precipitates such as Mo23C6 and Cr23C6 are formed in the ERNiCrMo-3 weldment which reduced the mechanical properties. In this study, ERNiCrMo-4 filler wire is provided enhanced mechanical properties for welding DSS 2205.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate additive manufactured Inconel super alloy subjected to cryogenic treatment (CT). Cryogenic treatment is mainly used in aerospace, defense and automobile application. Direct metal laser sintering is an additive manufacturing technique used for manufacturing of complex and complicated functional components. Inconel is an austenitic chromium nickel based super alloy often used in the applications which require high strength & temperature resistant. In this work, a study is carried out on microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Inconel 718 when subjected to cryogenic treatment at three different time intervals. The micro-structural evolution of IN718 super-alloy before and after CT was investigated by both optic microscope and scanning electron microscope. Surface roughness and hardness at different CT time intervals has also analyzed. Additionally, XRD technique was used to analyze the surface residual stress.

The utilization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology in the current manufacturing sector is growing day - by - day. This is made possible by the constant development of new materials and techniques to overcome the difficulties that are encountered while fabricating a part. In AM, parts are fabricated by laying successive layers on one another till the complete part is build. This gives AM an edge over conventional manufacturing. Even intricate or hollow parts can be fabricated with the same ease as fabricating a solid part. The key objective of this project is to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (PETG) and Carbon fiber reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate - Glycol modified (CF - PETG), which are fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process of AM. The ASTM standards D638 and D790 were followed for fabricating tensile test and Flexural test specimens respectively.

A study of an aerofoil structure used for automotive body design is being conducted and an experiment has been performed to determine the lift and drag forces produced by it by varying its Angle of Attack. The NACA0018 and NACA0015 aerofoil with a chord length of 16 cm were used for this study. Then an analysis was done with the help of (CFD) computational fluid dynamics. The results obtained by CFD analysis where compared by the experimental results which was performed on wind tunnel using NACA0018 aerofoil. The results are then presented graphically, showing pressure and velocity distributions lift and drag coefficients for the different cases which will be useful for design of automotive body structures.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology to simulate the induced stresses/strains due to thermo-mechanical loading of automobile brake drum.. The brake drum undergoes mechanical load due to applied brake pressure and thermal load due to friction generated between brake pad and brake drum while brake is applied. This coupled thermo-mechanical loading affects the life of the brake drum as the stiffness of the brake drum is reduced. The conventional method of simulating this problem is done using Lagrangian discretization in which the load is applied and inertia effect due to angular velocity is applied to a drum at static condition. In contrast, in this paper Eulerian discretization is adopted for finite element analysis, in which drum brake model is discretized as spatially dependent that facilitates actual rotation of brake drum with simultaneous application of brake load resulting more precise simulation.

Collection of various data from sensed data or raw availability of data from transcript or interdependency of data from various sources is a tedious task in a real time scenario like an Indian context is considered. Planning to find a solution to collect the data from various vehicular devices about the information related to the pollution becomes a cumbersome job. The need of the data, under what time duration data has to be transmitted, how they are interconnected and whether data needs to be stored or how they are processed is a major question that arise when dealing with collecting data and internetworking with various vehicular devices. A study of two different types of approaches for internetworking between the devices is discussed. One related to real time setup of mobile application and other with the dynamic cluster approach when the nodes are moving in a region was considered.

The current work investigates the hot corrosion demeanour of Hastelloy X weldment produced with autogenous mode through key-hole plasma arc welding (K-PAW). The hot corrosion test has been performed for weldment in molten salt-1 (MS-1) (75 % Na2SO4 + 25 % V2O5) and molten salt-2 (MS-2) (75 % Na2SO4 + 20 % V2O5 + 5 % NaCl) circumstance for 25 hrs (25 cycles) at 900 °C. The MS-1 substrate of both base metal and weldment provided the lowest weight gain than the MS-2 substrate. The NaCl in the MS-2 causes severe hot corrosion on the substrate, whereas the absence of NaCl in MS-1 reduces the hot corrosion effects. The highest parabolic constant is observed for K-PAW weldment in MS-2 condition. The tendency of hot corrosion rate follows the order of, Base Metal MS-1 < K-PAW MS-1 < Base Metal MS-2 < K-PAW MS-2. The occurrence of protective phases like chromium oxides (Cr2O3), spinel oxides (NiCr2O4 and NiFe2O4) Nickel oxide (NiO) on the substrate resist the further oxidation.

Today manufacturing industries have become more competitive and to survive, industries should be capable of accommodating the sudden market change. The conventional manufacturing systems like Dedicated Manufacturing Lines (DMLs) can produce high volume of product but difficult to cater to varying product types. On the other hand, Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is capable of handling product variety but not suited for mass production, The Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) gives the advantage of both the system, as it has the capability to adjust to both high volume requirement and product variety, and it able to upgrade to new process technology with minimal effort. In this work the reconfiguration is carried out in machine and system level. At machine level, a new inspection machine is proposed which can be used for multiple products with minimal adjustments and a special drilling and bore tool is suggested to reduce the cycle time and ramp up time when product changes.

Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is a rapid prototyping technique used to fabricate and repair metallic prototypes. It can be used in the production of complex geometries and unique parts. In functional automotive applications wear characteristics hold key importance. In the present study, an analysis on the influence of various parameters (coating thickness, load and temperature) on the wear characteristics of Direct Metal Deposited (DMD) Inconel 625 coating has been carried out using a Design of Experiments (DOE). ANOVA calculations were performed to find out which of these parameters showed significant influence on the wear properties. It was found that load was the most significant parameter influencing the wear characteristics .Similarly load was found to be most influencing parameter for co efficient of friction. The trend was found to follow when verified at 30 second, 3 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes.

This research work describes the effect of microsegregation, microstructure and tensile strength of the Hastelloy X weldment produced by keyhole plasma arc welding (K-PAW). Weld joint was obtained in a single pass without the addition of filler wire. The significant results obtained in this research work are (i) fine equiaxed dendrite was detected in the weld centre due to lesser heat input (HI) along with the faster solidification attained in K-PAW (ii) The existence of secondary precipitates in the interdendritic boundary was identified by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis (iii) Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) revealed the Cr and Mo microsegregation in interdendritic boundary of the weld zone (iv) X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the Mo-rich P phase and Cr-rich M23C6 phase. The observed tensile strength of weldment is 6.14 % inferior to base metal.

This research is an attempt to investigate the possibility of enhancing wear and corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy and composites for high-temperature applications. The 319 alloys with minor additions of Ni, Ti and Fe elements using the liquid metallurgy technique, Al-Si-Cu-Mg matrix alloy (Al alloy) was obtained and it was used as a base alloy and it is reinforced with Silicon carbide (SiC), Magnesium oxide (MgO) under the following composites, namely Al alloy/3wt % MgO (AA-SRM), Al alloy/ 3wt % SiC (AA-SRS) and Al alloy/3wt %SiC-3wt % MgO (AAHRSM) using a stir casting route. The wear test was investigated under the following factors, namely constant sliding velocity 3.21 m/s, sliding distance up to 10000 m under different loadings (4.9, 9.8, 14.7, 19.62, and 24.5 N) using wear test by a pin on the disc test rig. The wear rate was calculated using the tested samples under different loadings, sliding distance, and weight concentration conditions.

In the current work the metallurgical and tensile properties of the weld joints of alloy C-2000 were investigated. Welding technique employed in this study is Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) and Pulsed Current Tungsten Inert Gas (PC-TIG) welding with autogenous mode and Ni-Cr-Mo rich ERNiCrMo-10 filler wire. The results show that PC-TIG weldment obtained the refined microstructure compared to the TIG weldment. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed the extent of Cr segregation was observed in all the weldments. PC-TIG welding shows reduced segregation compared to the corresponding TIG. X-ray diffraction (XRD) corroborated the existence of Ni3Cr2 phases in the weld fusion zone. Tensile test results show the PC-TIG weldment obtained marginally higher tensile properties comparing over the corresponding TIG weldment. The strength of the weldments is inferior in all cases in comparison to base metal.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of current pulsation frequency on the weld bead microstructure, segregation and hardness of Hastelloy C-2000 weldments. Bead on Plate (BoP) welds were made by using Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding method (PCGTAW) at eleven different frequencies. The weld bead width and depth of penetration was measured with the help of Dinolite macro analyzer. The microstructure of weldments are further examined through optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the type of grain, grain coarsening and extent of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). The grain structure turn into finer and equiaxed in all cases and there was an optimum frequency range over which the significant grain refinement was observed. Microsegregation of alloying elements were computed with the aid of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers Hardness Tester was used to measure the hardness of the weld samples at ambient conditions.

Experimental investigations were carried out on the machinable wax filament using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping process. The printer used for conducting the experiments was Flash Forge guider 2. The filament material used for this study was machinable wax filament of 1.75 mm diameter. Experimental trials were carried out as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to determine the optimum process parameter combination. The dimensional analysis of test samples were carried out in terms of change in volume of samples which is result of combine effect of deviations in all the dimensions of test sample. Four factors each at three levels was used to obtain the optimum printing parameters for better dimensional accuracy and proper printing. The four important printing parameters were taken as factor and set to analyse the significant factor affecting on printing. The complexity in printing of wax filament is taken in to consideration during the experimental study.

The use of thermoplastics in various fields like aerospace, automotive, medical and packaging industries is growing day by day, due to their light weight and compactness. In some instances, the plastic components are required to be welded. In this research study, process parameters used for the ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics which produces highest weld strength for complex use in the above said applications is carried out. Also, the possibilities of welding dissimilar plastics are also tested. Tensile testing of above welded samples fabricated through injection moulding was carried out for all possible welds and the ultimate tensile strength was calculated in each case. Of all the welded specimens, at given parameters like weld time, weld pressure and energy director, it is observed that ultimate tensile strength of ABS (8.89 N/mm2) is highest.