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Hydrogen is considered as one of the potential alternate fuel and when compared to other alternate fuels like CNG, LPG, Ethanol etc., it has unique properties due to absence of carbon. In the current work, Hydrogen engine of 2.5 L, four cylinder, spark ignited Turbocharged-Intercooled engine is developed for Mini Bus application. Multi-point fuel injection system is used for injecting the hydrogen in the intake manifold. Initially, boost simulation is performed to select the optimum compression ratio and turbocharger. The literature review has shown that in-order to get the minimum NOx emissions Hydrogen engines must be operated between equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 0.6. In the present study, full throttle performance is conducted mainly with the above equivalence ratio range with minimum advance for Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) ignition timing. At each operating point, the performance, emissions and combustion parameters are recorded and analyzed in detail.

This report describes work performed jointly by Mahindra & Mahindra and IIT Delhi, including both simulations and single-cylinder engine development for three wheeler application, to quantify the effects of various parameters on the performance and NOx emission of an internal combustion engine fuelled by hydrogen. AVL Boost software was used to simulate the experimental conditions, by using Vibe 2-Zone combustion and Woschni heat models, together with kinetic equations for emission calculations. Developed AVL Boost Model was validated against the test result from a modified single cylinder CNG engine for three wheeler application fuelled with Hydrogen by comparing the performance and NOx emission at the same operating conditions. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the Boost Model and Experimental results.

DC/DC converters are switching regulator specially used for voltage level conversion application, and one of crucial entity for fuel cell. In absence of which fuel cell real world application is difficult to conceive. Numerous works have been contributed using PID controller to regulate the output voltage and improve DC/DC converter dynamic performance. Due to switching operation, nonlinearity causes complexity in DC/DC converter control. In present article, PID controller optimization for a DC/DC buck converter is devised specifically for fuel cell application. Linearization and averaging technique is employed to generate State Space Average Model (SSAM) of DC/DC buck converter. PID controller weight factor's reference value i.e. Kp, Ki and Kd are selected based on values obtained by traditional Ziegler-Nichols method. Fine-tuning of PID weight factors are accomplished using Genetic Algorithm.

The main objective of the project is to develop the hydrogen-fuelled vehicles for transport application. Exhaustive lab tests on engine & vehicle was done to access the hydrogen (H₂) behavior at varying operating conditions. Fifteen such hydrogen-fuelled vehicles were developed by Mahindra with integration of the optimized engine, fuel storage system, fuelling system and safety features to demonstrate these hydrogen vehicles. These vehicles are refueled at a dedicated hydrogen-refueling facility. Detailed calibration was done with hydrogen for meeting the performance and emissions characteristics of the engine. In this experimental investigation Electronic Control Unit (ECU)-based timed manifold injection system was developed. Hydrogen is injected before the intake manifold and the quantity of hydrogen injection is depending on the load, speed and operating conditions.

The present study is to evaluate the performance & emission characteristics of biodiesel on a 2.6L turbocharged common rail direct injection engine powered on Sports utility vehicle (SUV). The effect of neat biodiesel and its blends with diesel at various ratios was evaluated. The study was extended to analyze combustion characteristics using pressure time history with various blends. This paper elaborate the effect of biodiesel on both engine & vehicle level. Impact on fuel economy, noise level and drivability was also discussed. Experimental results revealed significant reduction of power throughout the operating range while running with biodiesel. So the engine injection strategy was optimized specially for biodiesel to obtain the desired performance & emission. Engine performance results were discussed based on the analysis of heat release, which made it possible to give more precise information about the combustion process.

In general the mechanical design and function of synchronized manual transmissions has remained relatively constant over the years, with incremental improvements in components, gears, bearings, seals, synchronizers and fluids continuing to advance the quality of the overall product. Marketplace demands generally drive improvements which are primarily aimed at durability and shift quality. Recently, however, advances in control and actuation technology have led to a new generation of automated manual transmissions. As a result, compatibility with electronic and valve components is becoming increasingly important. The synchronizers and fluid are two components that can affect the overall transmission performance experienced by the end user. Historically, there has been a variety of synchronizer materials, primarily brass for smaller vehicles such as passenger cars and molybdenum-based products for larger commercial vehicles.