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Final Euro6d emission legislation with the new homologation cycle and Real Driving Emission requirements has set a strong challenge for the ICE Passenger Car applications. Thanks to their well-known low fuel consumption characteristics, Diesel Engines can play a key role for the fulfillment of the European 2020 CO2 fleet target but need to confirm their capability to fully control noxious emissions even in extreme operating conditions, while restraining the overall engine costs and complexity. CO2 and NOx emissions reduction are considered the main drivers for diesel engine evolution. In this perspective, Exhaust Gas After-treatment and Combustion System have been identified as the two main technology aspects to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution paths of these two technologies and the results achieved so far in terms of noxious emissions reduction. A methodology has been developed to predict Diesel combustion evolution and its main characteristics.

In automotive applications problems related to control and diagnostics play an important role in the improvement of engine performance and in the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In this field theoretical models proved to be very useful, with applications that range from the definition of optimised management systems, to hardware-in-the-loop testing (HIL) and to model-based control strategies. However, control-oriented applications has to cope with the increasing complexity of actual automotive engines. In order to define “real-time” theoretical models for these applications, an original library has been developed by the authors for the simulation of complex systems [9,10,11], as intake and exhaust systems of automotive Diesel engines. “Quasi-Steady Flow” models and “Filling-and-Emptying” techniques were used for engine components and sub-systems.