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Lean-burn gasoline combustion systems have been commercialized by major light-duty vehicle manufacturers in both Japan and Europe, regions where gasoline sulfur levels are capped by regulation at 10 ppm. In the U.S., gasoline sulfur standards are 30 ppm average and 80 ppm maximum. One of the main reasons for adopting 10 ppm in Japan and Europe was to facilitate expanded introduction of lean-burn gasoline engines. Similar arguments have been made for lowering U.S. gasoline sulfur standards. The Martec Group, Inc. has completed an in-depth study on the current and future utilization of lean combustion systems on gasoline engines by global light-duty automobile manufacturers. The study is based on a review of published technical information enhanced through discussions with technical experts across the community of global vehicle manufacturers and suppliers of fuel systems, valvetrain, turbocharging, exhaust aftertreatment and other vehicle subsystems.