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Waste cooking oils (WCOs) are renewable and in nature can be directly used as fuel into the compression ignition engines. However, the reduction in brake thermal efficiency and increasing smoke emission and oxides of nitrogen need to be solved. There are more techniques used past researchers to improves the performance and reduced the emissions characteristics of WCO. In this present work, an experimental investigation made on the effect of ethanol on engine's behavior using Waste Cooking oil (WCO) based dual fuel diesel engine. A single-cylinder diesel engine was operated and modified the intake to operate dual fuel mode at the maximum power output of 3.54 kW. Ethanol is introduced as primary fuel into the intake manifold and WCO as pilot fuel. The ethanol energy share (EES) of the total fuel was varied from 5% to 40% with a step of 5%, at fixed engine speed equal to 1500 rpm.

This research work is about the development of a data-driven model of a dual fuel diesel engine fuelled with renewable fuels (waste cooking oil and ethanol). In the first phase of the work, test engine was modified to operate in a dual fuel mode with ethanol as primary fuel and waste cooking oil as pilot fuel. It is followed by the development of the algebraic model comprising of sub-models like gas exchange process, charge compression process, combustion and expansion process. Wiebe’s function was used to develop the combustion model. In the second phase of the work a data driven model was developed using state space approach. Engine power output, mass of air, mass of waste cooking oil, mass of ethanol, in-cylinder volume and experimental pressure data were feed as the input to the model. Model is solved for in-cylinder pressure data. It was trained until the output of the model matches the experimental pressure data.

This work aims at investigating the effect of oxygen enriched combustion with water injection at the intake on engine’s performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a MO (mahua oil) fueled diesel engine. Initially, experiments were conducted with ND (neat diesel) and neat MO as fuels under variable power output conditions. Subsequently experiments were followed with MO as fuel with different oxygen concentrations such as 21.8%, 22.4%, 23.8% and 24.7% by volume. The optimal oxygen concentration was found based on the engine’s BTE (brake thermal efficiency) as 23.8%. At the optimal oxygen concentration water injection was carried out at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by volume. The optimal amount of water injection was obtained as 2%. A comparative study was made for the optimal oxygen concentration and optimal water injection conditions. The maximum BTE was noted as 25.4% and 32.8% with neat MO and ND respectively at the maximum engine power output.

Depletion of fossil fuels and amendment of strict emission norms demand for the development of new technologies in ensuring effective utilization of existing renewable energy resources. Nanotechnology is one such new tool which finds wide application in automobile industries. Light weight in nature, high degree of durability, toughness and wear resistance makes the usage of nanomaterials wide spread. In view of above points, an attempt was made in this study to experimentally investigate the effect of inclusion of Nano fluids on the behavior of a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel biofuel blends. In this work Cashew Nut Shell Oil (CNSO) is chosen as the biofuel as its calorific value found to be very close to diesel. Initially CNSO and Neat Diesel (ND) are blended at different proportion and CNSO40 is claimed as the best blend as it holds a stability period of more than a week.

This paper presents a comprehensive study on using MO (Mahua oil) as fuel effectively in a diesel engine by adopting emulsification and TBC (Thermal Barrier Coating) techniques. A mono cylinder diesel engine was used for the study. Initially trials were made on the engine using neat diesel (ND), Neat Mahua oil (NMO) as fuels. In the second phase, NMO was converted into its stable emulsion (called as MOE) and tested in the engine. Finally thermal barrier coating of 0.2 mm was made on the piston, valves and cylinder head of the engine using the ceramic power of Al2O3 and the engine was tested using NMO and MOE as fuels in the TBC engine. Results indicated improvement in BTE (brake thermal efficiency) with MOE as compared to NMO mainly at high power outputs in the unmodified engine. The maximum BTE was found as 31.5% with ND, 27.2% with NMO and 30.4% with MOE at the peak power output.

Different methods to improve the performance of a WCO (waste cooking oil of sunflower) based mono cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine were investigated. Initially WCO was converted into its emulsion by emulsification process and tested as fuel. In the second phase, the engine intake system was modified to admit excess oxygen along with air to test the engine with WCO and WCO emulsion as fuels under oxygen enriched environment. In the third phase, the engine was modified to work in the dual fuel mode with hydrogen being used as the inducted fuel and either WCO or WCO emulsion used as the pilot fuel. All the tests were carried out at 100% and 40% of the maximum load (3.7 kW power output) at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. Engine data with neat diesel and neat WCO were used for comparison. WCO emulsion indicated considerable improvement in performance. The smoke and NOx values were noted to be less than neat WCO.

Waste utilization is found to be a challenging task all around the globe. Converting the waste into useful forms of energy is a significant landmark in meeting the demand of world energy requirement. Thus an attempt was made in this study to make use of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as a fuel to operate compression ignition engine effectively as it degrades both the environment and human health.WCO was collected form the hostel mess of the author institution. In the first phase of the study, a single cylinder water cooled diesel engine was developed and operated in a single fuel mode with neat diesel and WCO as fuel under various load condition. Engine was modified in the second phase of the work to operate in dual fuel mode with a low reactive fuel like ethanol as primary fuel. In this work ethanol was injected in the intake manifold using newly developed Electronic Primary Fuel Injection System (EPFIS).

This work aims at studying the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and emulsification techniques on engine performance behavior of a compression ignition engine fuelled with WCO (waste cooking oil) as fuel. Used sunflower oil collected from a restaurant was chosen as fuel. A single cylinder, water cooled, agricultural oriented, diesel engine was used for the experiments. Initially tests were performed using neat diesel and neat WCO as fuels. Performance, emission, and combustion parameters were obtained. In the second phase of work, WCO was converted into its emulsion by emulsification process using water and ethanol and tested. In the third phase, the engine intake system was modified to admit excess oxygen along with air to test the engine with WCO and WCO emulsion as fuels under oxygen enriched environment. A comparative study was made at 100% and 40% of the maximum load (i.e. 3.7 kW power output) at the rated engine speed of 1500 rpm.

This paper aims at studying the effect of oxygen enriched combustion on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using the blend of Pyro oil obtained from pyrolysis of cashew nut shell and conventional diesel as fuel. A single cylinder water-cooled, diesel engine was used. The intake system of the engine was modified to accommodate excess oxygen in the incoming air. A separate oxygen cylinder was used for storing pure oxygen and supplying it along with intake air. Base line data was generated using diesel as fuel. Subsequently experiments were repeated with the blend of 40% of Cashew nut shell oil and 60% diesel by volume (called CSO40D60) at different oxygen concentrations such as 21%, 22% 23%, 24% and 25%. Engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were obtained at different power outputs and analyzed.

This paper aims at studying the effect of oxygen enriched combustion on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil (WCO) derived from palm oil as fuel. A single cylinder water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine was used. The intake system of the engine was modified to accommodate excess oxygen in the incoming air. Base data was generated using diesel as fuel. Subsequently experiments were repeated with WCO for different oxygen concentrations such as 21% (WCO+21%O2), 23% (WCO+23%O2), 24% (WCO+24%O2) and 25% (WCO+25%O2) by volume. Engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were obtained at different power outputs and analyzed. Results showed reduced brake thermal efficiency, higher smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions with WCO+21%O2 as compared to diesel at all power outputs. The brake thermal efficiency was found as 26.2% with WCO+21%O2 where as it was 30.5% with diesel at the rated power output of 3.7 kW.

The effect of methanol addition (by blending) and methanol induction (by carburetion) on performance of a vegetable oil (Madhuca Indica called as Mahua oil) based diesel engine was studied experimentally. A single cylinder, water cooled, DI, diesel engine was used. Baseline data was generated with neat diesel and neat Mahua oil as fuels. Subsequently methanol was blended with Mahua oil in different proportions such as 5, 10, 15 and 20% by mass and tested for engine's performance. Finally the engine was operated in dual fuel mode of operation with methanol induction and Mahua oil injection. Engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics of ND (neat diesel), NMO (neat Mahua oil), MOMB (Mahua oil+15% methanol blend by mass) and MOMDFE (Mahua oil dual fuel engine at 15% mass share) were compared and analyzed at 100% and 40% loads. NMO resulted in inferior performance and increased emissions at both power outputs as compared to ND.

This paper aims at investigating the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with CSPO (coconut shell pyro oil)-diesel blends as fuel. In the first phase of work CSPO was produced from fast pyrolysis of raw coconut shell at a reaction temperature of 700°C. Attempts were made to obtain homogeneous mixtures of different amounts (such as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume) of CSPO with diesel. Beyond 15% separation of the fuel was observed. Hence it was decided to use the blends of 5%, 10% and 15% of CSPO with diesel as fuels. Experiments were carried out on a single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine using different blends of CSPO with diesel as fuel. Performance, emission and combustion parameters were obtained at different power outputs for all the tested fuels and analyzed.

Experimental work was carried out to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel engine with diesel as pilot fuel and methanol as inducted primary fuel. A single cylinder water cooled direct injection diesel engine developing a power output of 3.7kW at 1500 rev/min. was modified to work in the dual fuel mode. Tests were conducted at fixed loads such as 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of the maximum power output with varying methanol induction rates. Brake thermal efficiency in dual fuel operation was better than normal diesel operation with methanol induction mainly at high power outputs. It increased from 30.3% with neat diesel to a maximum of 32.7% when methanol contributed about 44% of energy share. Smoke was reduced significantly with all methanol induction rates at all power outputs in dual fuel operation with diesel as pilot fuel. It was reduced from 3.8 BSU to 1.8 BSU with diesel at the maximum efficiency point at 100% load.

Methyl esters were prepared from the mixture of unrefined palm oil (URPO) and D-Limonene oil (DLO) and evaluated for their properties to be used as fuel in a diesel engine. DLO was blended with URPO in different proportions (such as 10%, 15% and 20% by mass) before transesterification to reduce viscosity of the URPO. 15% of DLO and 85% of URPO by mass was found as the optimum based on the optimum yield. Reaction influential factors, such as amount of alcohol, temperature for reaction, reaction time and amount of catalyst have been investigated for the methyl ester of 15% of DLO and 85% of URPO mixture (PODLO15). In the second phase of work, tests were conducted on a single cylinder, air cooled diesel to analyze the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the methyl ester of PODLO15. Engine tests results indicated reduced brake thermal efficiency with neat URPO as compared to neat diesel. Methyl ester of PODLO15 showed improvement in brake thermal efficiency.

Use of vegetable oils in diesel engines results in increased smoke and reduced brake thermal efficiency. Dual fuel engines can use a wide range of fuels and yet operate with low smoke emissions and high thermal efficiency. In this work, a single cylinder diesel engine was converted to use vegetable oil (Jatropha oil) as the pilot fuel and methanol as the inducted primary fuel. Tests were conducted at 1500 rev/min and full load. Different quantities of methanol and Jatropha oil were used. Results of experiments with diesel as the pilot fuel and methanol as the primary fuel were used for comparison. Brake thermal efficiency increased in the dual fuel mode when both Jatropha oil and diesel were used as pilot fuels. The maximum brake thermal efficiency was 30.6% with Jatropha oil and 32.8% with diesel. Smoke was drastically reduced from 4.4 BSU with pure Jatropha oil operation to 1.6 BSU in the dual fuel mode.