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Pollutants are harmful to human and other living beings on the earth. Thus emission reduction plays a very important role in the survival of living beings. Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the emission constituents which results in smog, respiratory problems in human beings, acid rain respectively. Hence, Indian government has taken necessary steps to reduce these emissions and imposed various level of norms like BSI, BSII and BSIII on 2/3 wheeler industries in the year 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively. Presently in India, BSII is in force and from October 2010 BSIII will be introduced. BSIII 3 wheeler norm, the CO emission level is reduced by 44.4% and HC+NOx is reduced by 37.5%. The main objective of this work is to reduce the emissions like HC, which is due to unburnt fuels, NOx, which is due to high engine pressures and temperatures and CO, which is a byproduct of incomplete combustion.

The spark-ignited (SI) engine running on gaseous fuels produces 3-5% lesser power compared to the gasoline engines. The objective of this present work is to improve engine torque by optimizing spark timing, compression ratio and spark plug location. In this study, a 4-stroke, SI engine designed for gasoline fuel is converted completely to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)-fueled engine and operating parameters is optimized using CFD. A computational model is developed using commercial CFD software (STAR-CD), to simulate the crank angle-resolved in-cylinder pressure (P-θ). This model is validated against the experimental measurements and then used to optimize the above said parameters. The optimized LPG-fueled engine resulted in 15% increase in IMEP.