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Technical Paper

Extended Expansion Engine with Mono-Shaft Cam Mechanism for Higher Efficiency - Layout Study and Numerical Investigations of a Twin Engine

2014-11-11
2014-32-0102
The automotive industry has made great efforts in reducing fuel consumption. The efficiency of modern spark ignition (SI) engines has been increased by improving the combustion process and reducing engine losses such as friction, gas exchange and wall heat losses. Nevertheless, further efficiency improvement is indispensable for the reduction of CO2 emissions and the smart usage of available energy. In the previous years the Atkinson Cycle, realized over the crank train and/or valve train, is attracting considerable interest of several OEMs due to the high theoretical efficiency potential. In this publication a crank train-based Atkinson cycle engine is investigated. The researched engine, a 4-stroke 2 cylinder V-engine, basically consists of a special crank train linkage system and a novel Mono-Shaft valve train concept.
Technical Paper

Multi-Layer Stratified (MuLS) Two-Stroke Engine

2012-10-23
2012-32-0119
The mandatory emission regulations coupled with market demands have resulted in the development of innovative engine technologies at lower costs for consumer applications. For example, the low cost two-stroke engines for hand-held applications have evolved from high specific output, high emission designs to lower emission engine architectures that meet today's EPA and CARB emission standards. Emissions and fuel consumption have reduced significantly, particularly in non-catalyzed engines. This paper highlights the design features of a Multi-Layered Stratified (MuLS) engine that has demonstrated the ability to meet the current emission standards without the catalyst. The Multi-Layer scavenging system consists of stratified layers of pure air, lean air-fuel mixture, and rich air-fuel mixture that are inducted separately and delivered in sequence into the combustion chamber through ports for minimizing the scavenging loss of the unburned fuel.
Technical Paper

An Historical Overview of Stratified Scavenged Two-Stroke Engines - 1901 through 2003

2004-09-27
2004-32-0008
The Two stroke engines have been around for more than a century and have survived so far, primarily in portable applications. From the beginning, two-stroke engines have suffered from poor fuel economy and high fuel emissions compared to the larger, heavier, but more efficient four stroke designs. Over the last 100 years many innovative ideas have been designed and patented with the intent of improving these two critical shortcomings. Stringent emission regulations introduced in the last two decades have now provided an impetus to revive, revise, and apply technologies to meet these new requirements. With this in mind, many engineers and scientists throughout the world have researched stratified scavenging and injection to make low cost two-stroke engines that will compete with the four-stroke engines.
Technical Paper

Injection Characteristics that Improve Performance of Ceramic Coated Diesel Engines

1999-03-01
1999-01-0972
Thin thermal barrier ceramic coatings were applied to a standard production direct injection diesel engine. The resultant fuel economy when compared to the standard metallic engine at full load and speed (2600) was 6% better and 3.5% better at 1600 RPM. Most coated diesel engines todate have not shown significant fuel economy one way or the other. Why are the results more positive in this particular case? The reasons were late injection timing, high injection pressure with high injection rates to provide superior heat release rates with resultant lower fuel consumption. The recent introduction of the high injection pressure fuel injection system makes it possible to have these desirable heat release rates at the premixed combustion period. Of course the same injection characteristics were applied to the standard and the thin thermal barrier coating case. The thin thermal barrier coated engine displayed superior heat release rate.
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