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Robert Bosch GmBH proposed in 2012 a new version of communication protocol named as Controller area network with Flexible Data-Rate (CANFD), that supports data frames up to 64 bytes compared to 8 bytes of CAN. With limited data frame size of CAN message, and it is impossible to be encrypted and secured. With this new feature of CAN FD, we propose a hardware design - CAN crypto FPGA chip to secure data transmitted through CAN FD bus by using AES-128 and SHA-1 algorithms with a symmetric key. AES-128 algorithm will provide confidentiality of CAN message and SHA-1 algorithm with a symmetric key (HMAC) will provide integrity and authentication of CAN message. The design has been modeled and verified by using Verilog HDL – a hardware description language, and implemented successfully into Xilinx FPGA chip by using simulation tool ISE (Xilinx).

In this paper, we have proposed a Condition-based Maintenance technique for vehicle tire pressure monitoring utilizing univariate statistical analysis. Statistical techniques are very powerful for predicting the future states based on current and previous states of the system or subsystem. Two important statistical techniques ARAR and Holt-Winters have been studied for their robustness to the predictions of such data set. This paper also performs comparative simulation studies to prove the usefulness of both the algorithms based on the data available from wireless sensor nodes. These sensors are directly mounted on tires externally and report the current air pressure to control unit. The control unit performs tire pressure prognosis using univariate statistical technique.

Automotive systems engineering addresses the system throughout its life cycle, including requirement, specification, design, implementation, verification and validation of systems, modeling, simulation, testing, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. This book is the fourth in a series of four volumes on this subject and features 12 papers, published between 2002-2009, that address the challenges and importance of systems approach in system verification and validation, stressing the use of advanced tools and approaches. Topics covered include: Systems integration and verification Software engineering in future automotive systems development Configuration management of the model-based design process Buy the Set and Save!

Automotive systems engineering addresses the system throughout its life cycle, including requirement, specification, design, implementation, verification and validation of systems, modeling, simulation, testing, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. This four-volume set features 49 papers, originally published from 1999 through 2010, that cover the latest research and developments on various aspects of automotive systems engineering. The four-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Automotive Systems Engineering - Overview Automotive Systems Engineering - Requirements and Testing Automotive Systems Engineering - Modeling Automotive Systems Engineering - Approach and Verification

Automotive systems engineering addresses the system throughout its life cycle, including requirement, specification, design, implementation, verification and validation of systems, modeling, simulation, testing, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. This book - the second in a series of four volumes on this subject - features 11 papers, published between 2000-2010, that address the challenges and importance of requirements and testing in systems engineering, stressing the use of advanced tools and approaches. Topics covered include: Creating correct requirements Requirement analysis Document management Development Management Architecture for military vehicles Buy the Set and Save! Automotive Systems Engineering The four-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Automotive Systems Engineering - Overview Automotive Systems Engineering - Requirements and Testing Automotive Systems Engineering - Modeling Automotive Systems Engineering - Approach and Verification

Automotive systems engineering addresses the system throughout its life cycle, including requirement, specification, design, implementation, verification and validation of systems, modeling, simulation, testing, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. This book - the third in a series of four volumes on this subject - features 11 papers, published between 1999-2010, that address the challenges and importance of systems modeling, stressing the use of advanced tools and approaches. Topics covered include: Automotive systems modeling Model-based design culture Applications Buy the Set and Save! Automotive Systems Engineering The four-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Automotive Systems Engineering - Overview Automotive Systems Engineering - Requirements and Testing Automotive Systems Engineering - Modeling Automotive Systems Engineering - Approach and Verification

Automotive systems engineering addresses the system throughout its life cycle, including requirement, specification, design, implementation, verification and validation of systems, modeling, simulation, testing, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. This book is the first in a series of four volumes on this subject and features 15 papers, published between 2004-2010, that emphasize the importance of systems concepts in the automotive area, and stress the use of advanced tools and approaches. Topics covered include: Technology transfer Six Sigma deployment Systems engineering capability in automotive systems In addition to 11 SAE technical papers, this volume also includes two invited papers: "Systems Engineering Definitions" by editor Subramaniam Ganesan and "Systems Engineering for Military Ground Vehicles" by M. Mazzara and R. Iyer. Buy the Set and Save!

Embedded systems continue to become more complex. As a result, more companies are utilizing model-based design (MBD) development methods and tools. The use of MBD methods and tools is helpful in increasing time to market and having instant feedback on the system design. One area that continues to mature is the testing and verification of the MBD systems. This paper introduces a hybrid approach to functional tests. The test system is composed of simulation software and real-time hardware. It is not always necessary to test a system in a real-time environment, but it is recommended if the goal is to deploy the system to a situation that requires real-time response. Vehicle drive cycles and powertrain control are utilized in this research as the example test case for this paper. In order to test the algorithms on a real-time system, it is necessary to understand the target controller's computing limitations and adjust the algorithms to meet these limitations.

CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol is a networking protocol intended for microcontroller distributed systems such that to run multiple (different) tasks on multiple processors without shared memory. With few modifications, the distributed architecture of CAN networks becomes adequate for parallel processing as well such that to run one task, with multiple data, concurrently in parallel on multiple processors, or other types of parallel processing that suit the distributed systems architecture. This paper discusses the possibilities of parallel processing on CAN. The CAN features that already pertain to parallel processing are contemplated. In addition, the required modifications to the CAN architecture to transfer it into a parallel computing/processing system are proposed, and a particular architecture, the Motorola 9S12X that can achieve this parallelism is cited. Also, the applications that may be executed efficiently in parallel on CAN networks are discussed.

In this study, an adaptive, supervisory, and hybrid fuzzy controllers as well as a fuzzy estimator are developed based on experimental and simulation data and expert's knowledge of the normal working of diagnostic systems. The advantage of the developed control system is that it has fewer parameters to tune; it also makes the system adaptable for changing environments or malfunctions; and provides the supervision of the overall performance of the engine management system. For the fuzzy estimator part of the system we employ the least square and gradient methods for the premise and consequent of the rule. This study introduces a new design method for FDI module. It also provides an efficient and easy to implement control system that can be incorporated into existing module with minimum changes, adjustment, and cost.

An average person in North America comes in regular contact with an amazing number of real-time systems on a regular basis. For example, an automobile today can have upward of 40 plus real time systems on board. A residential house has real-time systems in many household electronics. Real-time systems today deliver many customer-facing functionalities. There is a need to express requirements in a manner relevant the customers, for purposes of validation and verification. The proliferation of real-time systems on a single device also creates opportunities for reuse of functionality that rarely existed before. Use Case technique approaches requirements from a scenario perspective. Scenario provides context and external view points that are better suited to address the validation, verification and reuse challenges. In this paper, we present: A few examples of extending use cases for real-time systems to capture system functional requirements.

The Controller Area Network (CAN) provides the user with several parameters to configure the bit timing, sampling point, and bit rate. With this flexibility comes some complexity in choosing the correct values for these parameters and properly configuring the bit rate. A given bit rate can be achieved by setting these parameter in more than one way. It is also possible to incorrectly configure these parameters and achieve a close enough bit rate that will allow the system to function but not perform in an optimized manner. This paper discusses how to calculate the bit rate and how to choose some of these parameters. A set of equations were developed and used in an example to configure the bit rate for a PIC18FXX8 CAN controller.

Today, in a typical car, electromechanical components contribute roughly 30% to the total vehicle cost with Embedded Real Time Systems (ERTS) responsible for roughly 80% of major controls functions. ERTS units influence the quality of the end product, and thus customer satisfaction. Quality means conformance to requirements in terms of functionality, usability, reliability, performance and supportability. In software design terms, it means traceability, portability, interoperability, and reusability. This paper introduces a MDA approach for building portable, interoperable, and reusable software systems. Through architectural separation of concerns, MDA addresses quality from the perspectives of the customer and software design. To illustrate the effectiveness of MDA, we present a software design of an Engine Idle Speed Control Unit.

Fuzzy control is based on either expert knowledge or experimental data and, therefore, it possesses intrinsic qualities like robustness and ease of implementation. The mathematical modeling for fuzzy control systems has been attempted, but until now many models that have been developed do not extend beyond the application for which they were developed. A general class of fuzzy linguistic control algorithms that can be formulated analytically and can capture the nonlinear aspect of a given fuzzy control scheme has been formulated using interpolating functions. The interpolating functions map the process error and its rate or it's a cumulative sum into control action. The systematic approach makes it more desirable to be used in the control of nonlinear dynamics systems. The analytical method developed in previous wok conducted by Langari (1992) and modified by the authors is employed in this practical example to design a controller for an idle speed control system.